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Original Articles
Long-Term Outcome of Definitive Radiotherapy for Early Glottic Cancer: Prognostic Factors and Patterns of Local Failure
Yu Jin Lim, Hong-Gyun Wu, Tack-Kyun Kwon, J. Hun Hah, Myung-Whun Sung, Kwang Hyun Kim, Charn Il Park
Cancer Res Treat. 2015;47(4):862-870.   Published online February 13, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2014.203
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Purpose
This study evaluates the long-term results of definitive radiotherapy (RT) for early glottic cancer. Clinical and treatment factors related to local control and patterns of failure are analyzed. Materials and Methods We retrospectively reviewed 222 patients with T1-2N0 squamous cell carcinoma of the glottic larynx treated with definitive RT from 1981 to 2010. None of the patients received elective nodal RT or combined chemotherapy. The median total RT dose was 66 Gy. The daily fraction size was < 2.5 Gy in 69% and 2.5 Gy in 31% of patients. The RT field extended from the hyoid bone to the cricoid cartilage.
Results
The median age was 60 years, and 155 patients (70%) had T1 disease. The 5-year rates of local recurrence-free survival (LRFS) and ultimate LRFS with voice preservation were 87.8% and 90.3%, respectively. T2 (hazard ratio [HR], 2.30; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08 to 4.94) and anterior commissural involvement (HR, 3.37; 95% CI, 1.62 to 7.02) were significant prognostic factors for LRFS. In 34 patients with local recurrence, tumors recurred in the ipsilateral vocal cord in 28 patients. There were no contralateral vocal cord recurrences. Most acute complications included grade 1-2 dysphagia and/or hoarseness. There was no grade 3 or greater chronic toxicity.
Conclusion
Definitive RT achieved a high cure rate, voice preservation, and tolerable toxicity in early glottic cancer. T2 stage and anterior commissural involvement were prognostic factors for local control. Further optimization of the RT method is needed to reduce the risk of ipsilateral tumor recurrence.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Superior Regional Control and Laryngeal Function Preservation With Radiotherapy Versus Partial Laryngectomy: A Propensity Score‐Matched Analysis of 562 Early Glottic Cancer Patients
    Shaoqiu Zhang, Ruichen Li, Yang Zhao, Liting Zhu, Ming Guo, Xiaoshen Wang, Yi Zhu
    Head & Neck.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Dosimetric comparison between carotid-sparing IMRT and 3DCRT in early glottic cancer patients treated with definitive radiation therapy
    Harkirat Kaur, Niketa Thakur, Ramita Sharma, Meena Sudan, Neeraj Jain, Supreet Kaur, Priyanka Lehal
    Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics.2024; 20(1): 327.     CrossRef
  • Assessment and validation of glottic motion using cone-beam CT and real-time cine MRI
    Seok-Joo Chun, Jaeman Son, Seonghee Kang, Chang Heon Choi, Jung-in Kim, Young-Il Kim, Joo Ho Lee, Jin Ho Kim, Hong-Gyun Wu
    Strahlentherapie und Onkologie.2024; 200(5): 418.     CrossRef
  • Oncological and Functional Outcomes for Horizontal Glottectomy: A Systematic Review
    Matteo Fermi, Alfredo Lo Manto, Cecilia Lotto, Giulia Cianci, Francesco Mattioli, Daniele Marchioni, Livio Presutti, Ignacio Javier Fernandez
    Journal of Clinical Medicine.2023; 12(6): 2261.     CrossRef
  • Prospective Observational Comparative Study of Response and Toxicities in Early Glottic Cancer Using Telecobalt Versus 3D-CRT
    Sanchayan Mandal, Tamohan Chaudhuri, Dhrubajyoti Mukhopadhyay
    Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery.2022; 74(S2): 1725.     CrossRef
  • Neck Dissection in Salvage Surgery for Larynx Cancer: National Cancer Database Review
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    Head & Neck.2022; 44(11): 2513.     CrossRef
  • Long-term impact of smoking cessation on new glottic cancer events in patients with early glottic cancer
    Min-Su Kim, Hong-Gyun Wu, Myung-Whun Sung, Tack-Kyun Kwon
    Acta Otorhinolaryngologica Italica.2022; 42(6): 525.     CrossRef
  • Laser Microsurgery Versus Radiotherapy Versus Open Partial Laryngectomy for T2 Laryngeal Carcinoma: A Systematic Review of Oncological Outcomes
    Flaminia Campo, Jacopo Zocchi, Massimo Ralli, Daniele De Seta, Francesca Yoshie Russo, Diletta Angeletti, Antonio Minni, Antonio Greco, Raul Pellini, Marco de Vincentiis
    Ear, Nose & Throat Journal.2021; 100(1_suppl): 51S.     CrossRef
  • Occult Lymph Node Metastasis in Early‐Stage Glottic Cancer in the National Cancer Database
    Tirth R. Patel, Michael Eggerstedt, Jaijeet Toor, Bobby A. Tajudeen, Inna Husain, Kerstin Stenson, Samer Al‐Khudari
    The Laryngoscope.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    N. Patrik Brodin, Rafi Kabarriti, Clyde B. Schechter, Mark Pankuch, Vinai Gondi, Shalom Kalnicki, Madhur K. Garg, Wolfgang A. Tomé
    Radiation Oncology.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Luca Giovanni Locatello, Chiara Bruno, Oreste Gallo
    Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology.2021; 160: 103298.     CrossRef
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    Heidi Jones, Elizabeth Ross, Jemy Jose
    Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology.2021; 130(12): 1392.     CrossRef
  • Prognostic value of the maximum standardized uptake value for the locoregional control in early glottic cancer
    Donghyun Kim, Yongkan Ki, Jihyeon Joo, Hosang Jeon, Dahl Park, Jiho Nam, Wontaek Kim
    Radiation Oncology Journal.2021; 39(4): 297.     CrossRef
  • Outcomes of carotid‐sparing IMRT for T1 glottic cancer: Comparison with conventional radiation
    Abdallah S.R. Mohamed, Blaine D. Smith, Joshua B. Smith, Parag Sevak, Jessica S. Malek, Aasheesh Kanwar, Theodora Browne, G. Brandon Gunn, Adam S. Garden, Steven J. Frank, William H. Morrison, Jack Phan, Mark Zafereo, Heath Skinner, Stephen Y. Lai, Kather
    The Laryngoscope.2020; 130(1): 146.     CrossRef
  • Helical Radiotherapy in Early Laryngeal Cancers Could Lead to Excess Local Recurrence: Lessons From a Phase II Prospective Study
    S. Chatterjee, I. Mallick, S. Chakraborty, S. Prasath, M. Arunsingh, R.B. Achari, B. Arun, C. Nallathambi, A. Pattatheyil, S. Sen
    Clinical Oncology.2020; 32(2): e67.     CrossRef
  • MACC1 expression is an indicator of recurrence in early-stage glottic cancer
    Takuma Makino, Yorihisa Orita, Yuka Gion, Tomoyasu Tachibana, Soshi Takao, Hidenori Marunaka, Kentaro Miki, Naoki Akisada, Yusuke Akagi, Tadashi Yoshino, Kazunori Nishizaki, Yasuharu Sato
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  • Is tailored management better than salvage in laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas
    Bhargaw Ilapakruty, Vishal U. S. Rao
    Head & Neck.2020; 42(2): 357.     CrossRef
  • Chemoradiotherapy for high-risk stage II laryngeal cancer
    Satoshi Hamauchi, Tomoya Yokota, Yusuke Onozawa, Hirofumi Ogawa, Tsuyoshi Onoe, Tomoyuki Kamijo, Yoshiyuki Iida, Tetsuro Onitsuka, Hirofumi Yasui
    International Journal of Clinical Oncology.2020; 25(9): 1596.     CrossRef
  • Transoral laser microsurgery for glottic cancer in the elderly: Efficacy and safety
    Juan P. Rodrigo, Fabian García‐Velasco, Petra Ambrosch, Vincent Vander Poorten, Carlos Suárez, Andrés Coca‐Pelaz, Primoz Strojan, Kate Hutcheson, Benedikt J. Folz, Manuel Bernal‐Sprekelsen, Alessandra Rinaldo, Carl E. Silver, Alfio Ferlito
    Head & Neck.2019; 41(6): 1816.     CrossRef
  • Early Closure of a Phase 1 Clinical Trial for SABR in Early-Stage Glottic Cancer
    Byung-Hee Kang, Tosol Yu, Jin Ho Kim, Jong Min Park, Jung-In Kim, Eun-Jae Chung, Seong Keun Kwon, Ji-Hoon Kim, Hong-Gyun Wu
    International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics.2019; 105(1): 104.     CrossRef
  • Prognostic factors in patients with T1 glottic cancer treated with radiotherapy
    A. Mucha-Małecka, A. Chrostowska, K. Urbanek, K. Małecki
    Strahlentherapie und Onkologie.2019; 195(9): 792.     CrossRef
  • Hypofractionated radiotherapy for early glottic cancer: a retrospective interim analysis of a single institution
    Jeong Won Lee, Jeong Eun Lee, Junhee Park, Jin Ho Sohn, Dongbin Ahn
    Radiation Oncology Journal.2019; 37(2): 82.     CrossRef
  • Outcome of Early-Stage Glottic Laryngeal Carcinoma Patients Treated with Radical Radiotherapy Using Different Techniques
    Oguz Cetinayak, Ersoy Dogan, Ahmet Kuru, Nesrin Akturk, Barbaros Aydin, Cenk Umay, Ilhami Er, Fadime Akman
    Journal of Oncology.2019; 2019: 1.     CrossRef
  • Involvement of the Anterior Commissure in Early Glottic Cancer (Tis-T2): A Review of the Literature
    Martine Hendriksma, Elisabeth V. Sjögren
    Cancers.2019; 11(9): 1234.     CrossRef
  • Patterns of failure for early-stage glottic carcinoma
    Fatma Sert, Isa Kaya, Kerem Ozturk, Mustafa Esassolak
    Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics.2019; 15(3): 576.     CrossRef
  • Oncologic outcomes of KTP laser surgery versus radiation for T1 glottic carcinoma
    Jamal Ahmed, Ahmed Sherif Gabr Ibrahim, Laura M. Freedman, David E. Rosow
    The Laryngoscope.2018; 128(5): 1052.     CrossRef
  • Study design and early result of a phase I study of SABR for early‐stage glottic cancer
    Tosol Yu, Chan Woo Wee, Noorie Choi, Hong‐Gyun Wu, Hyun‐Cheol Kang, Jong Min Park, Jung‐In Kim, Jin Ho Kim, Tack‐Kyun Kwon, Eun‐Jae Chung
    The Laryngoscope.2018; 128(11): 2560.     CrossRef
  • Clinicopathological Characteristics and Survival Rate of Patients with Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Retrospective Study during 2011–2017 in Yazd, Iran
    Shokouh T Zahir, Koorosh Rahmani, Meisam Mehri, Mohammad Shafiee, Seyed M Reza Mortazavizadeh
    International Journal of Phonosurgery & Laryngology.2018; 8(2): 65.     CrossRef
  • Endoscopic-assisted selective neck dissection via small lateral neck incision for early-stage (T1-2N0M0) head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: 3-year follow-up results
    Faya Liang, Song Fan, Ping Han, Qian Cai, Peiliang Lin, Renhui Chen, Shitong Yu, Xiaoming Huang
    Surgical Endoscopy.2017; 31(2): 894.     CrossRef
  • Transoral laser microsurgery versus radiotherapy for T2 glottic squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review of local control outcomes
    L. Warner, K. Lee, J.J. Homer
    Clinical Otolaryngology.2017; 42(3): 629.     CrossRef
  • Impact of Close and Positive Margins in Transoral Laser Microsurgery for Tis–T2 Glottic Cancer
    Ivana Fiz, Francesco Mazzola, Francesco Fiz, Filippo Marchi, Marta Filauro, Alberto Paderno, Giampiero Parrinello, Cesare Piazza, Giorgio Peretti
    Frontiers in Oncology.2017;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Volumetric modulated arc radiotherapy of the whole larynx, followed by a single affected vocal cord, for T1a glottic cancer: Dosimetric analysis of a case
    SEUNG-GU YEO
    Molecular and Clinical Oncology.2016; 4(3): 429.     CrossRef
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Role of Postoperative Radiotherapy for Microscopic Margin Involvement in the Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Esophagus
Sanghyuk Song, Eui Kyu Chie, Hak Jae Kim, Chang-Hyun Kang, Young Tae Kim, Joo Hyun Kim, Charn Il Park
Cancer Res Treat. 2013;45(3):202-209.   Published online September 30, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2013.45.3.202
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
PURPOSE
The objective of this study was to assess the effect of postoperative radiotherapy on the outcome of esophageal cancer with microscopically positive resection margin by comparing the results with those of patients with negative resection margin.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Medical records of 88 patients treated with macroscopic resection followed by postoperative radiotherapy for stage II or III squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus from June 1984 to March 2008 were reviewed. Twelve patients had received chemotherapy. Patients were classified into two groups based on resection margin status: negative resection margin (group A, n=66) and microscopically positive resection margin (group B, n=22). Median follow-up duration of living patients was 68 months (range, 18 to 115 months). Median total radiation dose of group A and group B was 51.5 Gy (range, 45 to 69 Gy) and 52.1 Gy (range, 45 to 64 Gy), respectively.
RESULTS
Median overall survival and disease-free survival were 15 and 10 months, respectively. The five-year overall survival, disease-free survival, and local control rates for group A and group B were 15.9% and 16.4%, 13.5% and 9.1%, and 76.3% and 69.6%, respectively. No statistically significant difference in terms of overall survival, disease-free survival, and local control (p=0.295, p=0.209, and p=0.731, respectively) was observed between group A and group B. Seven patients experienced toxicity of grade 3 or higher.
CONCLUSION
A significant portion of patients with margin involvement reached long term survival after addition of postoperative radiotherapy. These results suggest a potential role of postoperative radiotherapy, especially for patients with margin involvement.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Efficacy of postoperative radiotherapy in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients with positive circumferential resection margin
    Reiko Otake, Akihiko Okamura, Kotaro Yamashita, Yu Imamura, Jun Kanamori, Ryotaro Kozuki, Keita Takahashi, Tasuku Toihata, Noriko Yamamoto, Takao Asari, Shinji Mine, Masayuki Watanabe
    Esophagus.2021; 18(2): 288.     CrossRef
  • The Impact of Adjuvant Postoperative Radiation Therapy and Chemotherapy on Survival After Esophagectomy for Esophageal Carcinoma
    Andrew T. Wong, Meng Shao, Justin Rineer, Anna Lee, David Schwartz, David Schreiber
    Annals of Surgery.2017; 265(6): 1146.     CrossRef
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    Hyun-Seuk Moon, Saime Batirel, Christos S. Mantzoros
    Metabolism.2014; 63(11): 1447.     CrossRef
  • 11,582 View
  • 55 Download
  • 3 Crossref
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Definitive Radiotherapy versus Postoperative Radiotherapy for Tonsil Cancer
Tae Ryool Koo, Hong-Gyun Wu, J. Hun Hah, Myung-Whun Sung, Kwang-Hyun Kim, Bhumsuk Keam, Tae Min Kim, Se-Hoon Lee, Dong-Wan Kim, Dae-Seog Heo, Charn Il Park
Cancer Res Treat. 2012;44(4):227-234.   Published online December 31, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2012.44.4.227
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
PURPOSE
The purpose of this study is to analyze treatment outcome of radiotherapy (RT) in patients with stage III-IV tonsil cancer managed by surgery followed by postoperative RT (SRT) and definitive chemoradiotherapy (CRT), and to thereby evaluate the most feasible treatment modality.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Of 124 patients, 67 underwent CRT, and 57 underwent SRT. We compared survival and complication rates in both groups.
RESULTS
The median follow-up time was 57 months (range, 19 to 255 months) for surviving patients. At five years, locoregional progression-free survival (LRPFS) and overall survival (OS) were 88% and 80%, respectively. No significant difference in LRPFS (p=0.491) and OS (p=0.177) was observed between CRT and SRT. In multivariate analysis, old age and higher T stage showed a significant association with poor LRPFS, PFS, and OS; higher N stage showed an association with poor PFS and a trend of poor LRPFS, while no association with OS was observed; treatment modality (CRT and SRT) showed no association with LRFPS, PFS, and OS. Grade 3 or higher mucositis was observed in 12 patients (21%) in the SRT group, and 25 patients (37%) in the CRT group.
CONCLUSION
Definitive CRT and SRT have similar treatment outcomes for patients with stage III-IV tonsil cancer. Although acute complication rate appears to be higher in the CRT group, it should be noted that not all data on complications were included in this retrospective study. To determine the most feasible treatment modality, not only mucositis and xerostomia, but also emotional aspect and quality of life, should be considered.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Risk of lymph node metastasis in T1 tonsil squamous cell carcinomas patients according to age stratification at diagnosis
    Yujiao Li, Chaosu Hu
    American Journal of Otolaryngology.2024; 45(6): 104452.     CrossRef
  • Detection of the high-risk factors for synchronous bone metastasis in tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma
    Yujiao Li, Chaosu Hu
    European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology.2023; 280(10): 4619.     CrossRef
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    Phuong Nam Tran
    Journal of Clinical Medicine- Hue Central Hospital.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Chemoradiotherapy versus surgery followed by postoperative radiotherapy in tonsil cancer: Korean Radiation Oncology Group (KROG) study
    Sanghyuk Song, Hong-Gyun Wu, Chang Geol Lee, Ki Chang Keum, Mi Sun Kim, Yong Chan Ahn, Dongryul Oh, Hyo Jung Park, Sang-Wook Lee, Geumju Park, Sung Ho Moon, Kwan Ho Cho, Yeon-Sil Kim, Yongkyun Won, Young-Taek Oh, Won-Taek Kim, Jae-Uk Jeong
    BMC Cancer.2017;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Long-term results of ipsilateral radiotherapy for tonsil cancer
    Tae Ryool Koo, Hong-Gyun Wu
    Radiation Oncology Journal.2013; 31(2): 66.     CrossRef
  • Impact of Postoperative Chemoradiotherapy and Chemoradiotherapy Alone for Esophageal Cancer in North-West Iran
    Seyed Kazem Mirinezhad, Mohammad Hossein Somi, Masoud Shirmohamadi, Farshad Seyednejad, Amir Ghasemi Jangjoo, Morteza Ghojazadeh, Mohammad Mohammadzadeh, Ali Reza Naseri, Behnam Nasiri
    Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention.2013; 14(6): 3921.     CrossRef
  • 12,459 View
  • 46 Download
  • 6 Crossref
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Retrospective Analysis of the Treatment Results for Patients with Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Tonsil
Ah Ram Chang, Hong-Gyun Wu, Charn Il Park, Kwang-Hyun Kim, Myung-Whun Sung, Dae-Seog Heo
Cancer Res Treat. 2005;37(2):92-97.   Published online April 30, 2005
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2005.37.2.92
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Purpose

There has been no definitive randomized study to identify the optimal therapeutic regimen for treating squamous cell carcinoma of tonsil. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the treatment outcome according to various combinations of surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy.

Materials and Methods

Fifty-six patients with tonsillar carcinoma, who were treated at Seoul National University Hospital from March 1985 to August 2001, were the subjects of this study. Twenty-one patients received surgery followed by radiation therapy (SRT), 16 patients underwent radiation therapy alone (RT), and 19 patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiation therapy (CRT). The median radiation dose was 66.6 Gy for the SRT group and 70.2 Gy for the RT and CRT groups. Surgery comprised extended tonsillectomy and modified radical neck dissection of the involved neck. Cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil were used every three weeks for 3 cycles in the SRT group. The median follow-up was 73.2 months.

Results

The distribution of T-stage was 4 cases of T1, 14 cases of T2, 1 case of T3 and 2 cases of T4 staging in the SRT group, 2 cases of T1, 6 cases of T2, 5 cases of T3 and 3 cases of T4 staging in the RT group and 0 cases of T1, 7 cases of T2, 9 cases of T3 and 3 cases of T4 staging in the CRT group. The distribution of N-stage was 5 cases of N0, 2 cases of N1, 13 cases of N2 and 1 case of N3 staging in the SRT group, 6 cases of N0, 5 cases of N1, 5 cases of N2 and 0 cases of N3 staging in the RT group, and 2 cases of N0, and 7 cases of N1, 9 cases of N2 and 1 case of N3 staging in the CRT group. The five-year overall survival rate (OSR) for all patients was 78%. The five-year OSR was 80% for the SRT group, 71% for the RT group, and 80% for the CRT group (p=ns). The five-year disease-free survival rate was 93% for the CRT group and 71% for the RT group (p=0.017). Four patients developed local failure and one patient failed at a regional site in the RT group, and one patient failed at a primary site in the CRT group. The five-year DFS was 84% for patients who had undergone neck dissection and 76% for patients who had not undergone neck dissection (p=ns). Treatment-related complications of grade 3 or 4 occurred in 15 patients, and the incidence of complication was not different between each of the treatment methods.

Conclusion

Although the patients with more advanced T stage were included in the RT and CRT groups, the OSR was not statistically different according to the treatment methods. In the radical radiation therapy group, the addition of neoadjuvant chemotherapy showed an improvement in the disease-free survival. Because of the retrospective nature of our study and the small number of patients, this study cannot draw any definite conclusions, but it suggests that radiation therapy with chemotherapy can be a good alternative option for squamous cell carcinoma of tonsil. Controlled randomized study is necessary to confirm this hypothesis.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Long-term results of ipsilateral radiotherapy for tonsil cancer
    Tae Ryool Koo, Hong-Gyun Wu
    Radiation Oncology Journal.2013; 31(2): 66.     CrossRef
  • Definitive Radiotherapy versus Postoperative Radiotherapy for Tonsil Cancer
    Tae Ryool Koo, Hong-Gyun Wu, J. Hun Hah, Myung-Whun Sung, Kwang-Hyun Kim, Bhumsuk Keam, Tae Min Kim, Se-Hoon Lee, Dong-Wan Kim, Dae-Seog Heo, Charn Il Park
    Cancer Research and Treatment.2012; 44(4): 227.     CrossRef
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  • 47 Download
  • 4 Crossref
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A Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor, Trichostatin A, Enhances Radiosensitivity by Abrogating G2/M Arrest in Human Carcinoma Cells
In Ah Kim, Jin Ho Kim, Jin Hee Shin, Il Han Kim, Jae Sung Kim, Hong-Gyun Wu, Eui Kyu Chie, Yong Ho Kim, Bo-Kyung Kim, Semie Hong, Seok Won Park, Sung Whan Ha, Charn Il Park
Cancer Res Treat. 2005;37(2):122-128.   Published online April 30, 2005
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2005.37.2.122
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Purpose

Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDIs) are emerging as potentially useful components in anticancer therapy. In this study, we tried to confirm the radiosensitizing effect of trichostatin A (TSA) on a panel of human carcinoma cell lines and elucidate its mechanism of interaction.

Materials and Methods

A549, HeLa and Caski cells were exposed to TSA for 18 hr prior to irradiation, and the cell survival then measured using a clonogenic assay. Western blot and flow cytometric analyses, for histone acetylation, and cell cycle and apoptosis, respectively, were also performed.

Results

TSA increased the acetylation of histone H3. The pretreatment of TSA consistently radiosensitized all three cell lines. The SF2 (surviving fraction at 2 Gy) of TSA-treated cells was significantly lower than that of mock treated cells. The SER (sensitizer enhancement ratio) increased in all 3 cell lines, in concentration dependent manners. The TSA treated cells showed abrogation of radiation-induced G2/M arrest, in a concentration dependent manner.

Conclusion

The pretreatment of TSA enhanced the radiosensitivity of a panel of human carcinoma cells, which was attributed, in part, to the abrogation of radiation-induced G2/M arrest.

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    Abdelhakim Bouyahya, Nasreddine El Omari, Mohamed Bakha, Tarik Aanniz, Naoual El Menyiy, Naoufal El Hachlafi, Aicha El Baaboua, Mohamed El-Shazly, Mohammed Merae Alshahrani, Ahmed Abdullah Al Awadh, Learn-Han Lee, Taoufiq Benali, Mohammad S. Mubarak
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    Fengqiu Zhang, Qing Huang, Jingwen Yan, Xin Zhang, Jianxin Li
    Analytical Chemistry.2015; 87(4): 2511.     CrossRef
  • Histone deacetylase inhibitor, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), enhances anti-tumor effects of the poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor olaparib in triple-negative breast cancer cells
    Ahrum Min, Seock-Ah Im, Debora Keunyoung Kim, Sang-Hyun Song, Hee-Jun Kim, Kyung-Hun Lee, Tae-Yong Kim, Sae-Won Han, Do-Youn Oh, Tae-You Kim, Mark J O’Connor, Yung-Jue Bang
    Breast Cancer Research.2015;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • CD44 is a biomarker associated with human prostate cancer radiation sensitivity
    WeiWei Xiao, Peter H. Graham, Carl A. Power, Jingli Hao, John H. Kearsley, Yong Li
    Clinical & Experimental Metastasis.2012; 29(1): 1.     CrossRef
  • Identification of a radiosensitivity signature using integrative metaanalysis of published microarray data for NCI-60 cancer cells
    Han Sang Kim, Sang Cheol Kim, Sun Jeong Kim, Chan Hee Park, Hei-Cheul Jeung, Yong Bae Kim, Joong Bae Ahn, Hyun Cheol Chung, Sun Young Rha
    BMC Genomics.2012;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • In vivoRadiosensitization Effect of HDAC Inhibitor, SK-7041 on RIF-1 Cell Line
    Eui Kyu Chie, Jin Hee Shin, In Ah Kim, Il Han Kim
    The Journal of the Korean Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology.2010; 28(4): 219.     CrossRef
  • Epigenetic modulation of radiation response in human cancer cells with activated EGFR or HER-2 signaling: Potential role of histone deacetylase 6
    In Ah Kim, Mina No, Jang Mi Lee, Jin Hee Shin, Jee Sun Oh, Eun Jung Choi, Il Han Kim, Peter Atadja, Eric J. Bernhard
    Radiotherapy and Oncology.2009; 92(1): 125.     CrossRef
  • Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor–Mediated Radiosensitization of Human Cancer Cells: Class Differences and the Potential Influence of p53
    In Ah Kim, Jin Hee Shin, Il Han Kim, Jin Ho Kim, Jae Sung Kim, Hong Gyun Wu, Eui Kyu Chie, Sung Whan Ha, Charn Il Park, Gary D. Kao
    Clinical Cancer Research.2006; 12(3): 940.     CrossRef
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Expression of Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 as a Prognostic Factor in Nasopharyngeal Cancer
Kyubo Kim, Hong-Gyun Wu, Suk Won Park, Chong Jai Kim, Charn Il Park
Cancer Res Treat. 2004;36(3):187-191.   Published online June 30, 2004
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2004.36.3.187
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Purpose

To evaluate the relationship between treatment failure and COX-2 expression in nasopharyngeal cancer patients treated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy.

Materials and Methods

The subjects of this study were 22 nasopharyngeal cancer patients. The patients were treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy, followed by radiotherapy, or with radiotherapy alone. The formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues of 11 patients who developed a locoregional recurrence (n=7) or distant metastasis (n=4) were compared with those of 11 disease free patients. Prognostic factors, including histological type, stage, radiation dose and chemotherapy, were well balanced between the two groups. The COX-2 expression was determined immunohistochemically.

Results

COX-2 expression was stronger in the patients with a locoregional recurrence or distant metastasis than in those free of disease. The COX-2 distribution scores of the control group were as follows: 0 in 7, 1 in 2 and 2 in 2 patients. In the recurrence group, the scores were as follows; 0 in 3, 1 in 1, 2 in 2 and 3 in 5 patients. COX-2 expression was shown to have a statistically significant influence on the treatment failure by the Mann-Whitney U test (p=0.024) and Mantel-Haenszel Chi-Square test (p=0.018). It also significantly influenced the treatment failure when an analysis was performed within patients with a undifferentiated histology (p=0.039 by the Mann-Whitney U test, p=0.037 by the Mantel-Haenszel Chi-Square test).

Conclusion

COX-2 expression is believed to be one of the important factors associated with a locoregional recurrence or distant metastasis.

Citations

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  • Clinicopathological and prognostic significance of cyclooxygenase-2 expression in head and neck cancer: A meta-analysis
    Bin Yang, Lin Jia, Qiaojuan Guo, Hui Ren, Yanping Hu, Tao Xie
    Oncotarget.2016; 7(30): 47265.     CrossRef
  • Prognostic significance of expression of cyclooxygenase‐2, vascular endothelial growth factor, and epidermal growth factor receptor in nasopharyngeal carcinoma
    Jianji Pan, Tianlan Tang, Luying Xu, Jiade J. Lu, Senan Lin, Sufang Qiu, Gang Chen, Ivan W. K. Tham
    Head & Neck.2013; 35(9): 1238.     CrossRef
  • Immunohistochemical study identifying prognostic biomolecular markers in nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated by radiotherapy
    Yeon‐Joo Kim, Heounjeong Go, Hong‐Gyun Wu, Yoon Kyung Jeon, Suk Won Park, Seung Hee Lee
    Head & Neck.2011; 33(10): 1458.     CrossRef
  • Immunohistochemical Study to Evaluate the Prognostic Significance of Four Biomolecular Markers in Radiotherapy of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
    Yeon-Joo Kim, Seung Hee Lee, Hong-Gyun Wu, Heounjeong Go, Yoon Kyung Jeon
    The Journal of the Korean Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology.2010; 28(2): 57.     CrossRef
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Treatment Outcome of Brain Metastasis after the Cranial Radiotherapy Followed by Fractionated Stereotactic Radiotherapy and Its Prognostic Factors
Hak Jae Kim, Semie Hong, Suzy Kim, Jin Ho Kim, Il Han Kim, Charn Il Park, Sung Whan Ha, Hong Gyun Wu, Wee Saing Kang
Cancer Res Treat. 2002;34(4):284-288.   Published online August 31, 2002
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2002.34.4.284
AbstractAbstract PDF
To evaluate the effectiveness of whole brain radiotherapy followed by stereotactic radiotherapy for newly diagnosed brain metastasis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Thirty-three metastatic brain tumors received radiotherapy to the whole brain and stereotactic radiotherapy in 25 patients. Lung carcinomas were the most common (17/25) primary tumor. The radiation dose was 30 to 40 Gy for the whole brain, with a 12 to 40 Gy boost to the metastatic foci. Survival and local control rates were determined, and the prognostic factors for survival were evaluated.
RESULTS
The overall median survival was 15 months and the actuarial survivals at 1- and 2-year were 67% and 31%, respectively. The local tumor control rate was 79%, with a median follow-up period of 9 months (2~36 months). The prognostic factors associated with survival were age, tumor size and the existence of active extracranial metastasis, with the performance status showing marginal significance. No acute or chronic complications were observed in the patients.
CONCLUSION
From our data, cranial radiotherapy followed by stereotactic radiotherapy was useful in the local control of metastatic tumors, and in the survival of patients with tumor factors, such as small size or the absence of extracranial tumor activity, and host factors, such as young age or good performance status.

Citations

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  • Prognostic Factors and Survival Outcome of Whole Brain Radiotherapy in Metastatic Brain Cancer- A Single Regional Cancer Centre Experience in North India
    Purnima Thakur, Aman Sharma, Manish Gupta, Anupama Dhiman, Jyoti Sharma
    Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences.2019; 8(43): 3206.     CrossRef
  • Clinical outcome of central nervous system metastases from breast cancer: differences in survival depending on systemic treatment
    Hee-Jun Kim, Seock-Ah Im, Bhumsuk Keam, Yu-Jung Kim, Sae-Won Han, Tae Min Kim, Do-Youn Oh, Jee Hyun Kim, Se-Hoon Lee, Eui Kyu Chie, Wonshik Han, Dong-Wan Kim, Tae-You Kim, Dong-Young Noh, Dae Seog Heo, In Ae Park, Yung-Jue Bang, Sung Whan Ha
    Journal of Neuro-Oncology.2012; 106(2): 303.     CrossRef
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Usefulness of Change of Telomerase Activity as a Predictive Assay for Radiation Response
Hong Gyun Wu, Young Jue Kim, Il Han Kim, Charn Il Park, Sung Whan Ha
J Korean Cancer Assoc. 2000;32(6):1109-1114.
AbstractAbstract PDF
PURPOSE
A sensitive predictive assay is necessary to determine the total radiation dose according to sensitivity of individual cancer cell lines. This study is performed to determine whether the radiation sensitivity is correlated with the changes in telomerase activity after irradiation.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Two colorectal cancer cell lines with different radiation sensitivity were used. In order to confirm the difference in radiation sensitivity, we used a calorimetric assay. Telomerase activities were measured using the PCR-based telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP).
RESULTS
We confirmed the difference in radiation sensitivity between NCI-H630 and NCI-H716. Survival fractions at 2 Gy were 0.836 for NCI-H630 and 0.317 for NCI-H716. Telomerase activity increased after irradiation with NCI-H630, which was more resistant to radiation, whereas telomerase activity decreased with NCI-H730. But dose-dependent change of telomerase activity was not confirmed.
CONCLUSION
Our results suggested that telomerase activity change after irradiation could be used as a predictive assay for radiation response. Further studies with different cell lines and tumor tissues are necessary.
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Efficacy and Optimal Condition of Radiotherapy for Metastatic Epidural Cord Compression
Il Han Kim, Suk Won Park, Eui Kyu Chie, Sung Whan Ha, Charn Il Park
J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1999;31(5):1074-1080.
AbstractAbstract PDF
PURPOSE
This study was performed to evaluate the radiotherapy effects on metastatic epidural cord compressions.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
One hundred and thirty eight cases received palliative radio- therapy (30 Gy/10 fractions) with (15) or without (123) surgical decompression. Only 36% of cases were ambulatory before treatment and 34% of cases started treatment within 3 days after symptom onset.
RESULTS
Ambulation was possible after radiotherapy in 38% of all patients and in 73% of cases who was ambulatory before treatment. But the treatment made ambulation possible for 18% of cases who was paraplegic before treatment. Complete response rate, partial response rate, minimal response rate, and progression after treatment were as follows; 7%, 37%, 53%, and 3% respectively for the motor function, 8%, 32%, 58%, and 2% respectively for the sensory function, and 17%, 17%, 65%, and 1% respectively for the autonomic function. Responses were not influenced by the primary tumor site, histology, or involved level of the spine. Good responses were associated with starting treatment within 3 days after symptom onset.
CONCLUSION
Radiotherapy gave optimal palliative effects on metastatic epidural cord compression syndrome. Maximum responses or quality of life could be obtained from prompt treatment with awareness of this syndrome in cancer patients.
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Intracranial beta-hCG Secreting Germinoma: Clinical Significance and Radiotherapy Results
Kyung Hwan Shin, Il Han Kim, Wee Saing Kang, Sung Whan Ha, Charn Il Park
J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1999;31(2):396-402.
AbstractAbstract PDF
No abstract available.
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Concomitant Boost Radiotherapy for Stage 3 Non - Small Cell Lung Cancer
Kyung Hwan Shin, Charn Il Park, Young Soo Shim, Yung Jue Bang, Sung Koo Han
J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1998;30(6):1110-1118.
AbstractAbstract PDF
PURPOSE
This study was undertaken to evaluate the treatment outcome and side effects of accelerated radiotherapy (RT) using concomitant boost for stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
METHODS
Between April 1991 and December 1994, 102 patients with stage III NSCLC who had the favorable prognostic factors by CALGB criteria, were treated with concomitant boost radiotherapy. Patients were treated with standard large fields to 54 Gy in 6 weeks. The boost treatment was administered concomitantly during the last 2 weeks with a dose of 13 Gy in 10 fractions. The interfraction interval was at least 6 hours. The total tumor dose was 66-70 Gy, given over 6 weeks.
RESULTS
With 30 months median follow-up period for survivors, median survival was 15 months with 2 and 3-year overall survival rates of 34% and 19%, respectively. Thirty patients (29%) who had achieved complete remission after RT showed significantly better 2-year survival rates than those without complete remission (58% vs 22%, p 0.001). Local failure and distant metastases as the first or only failure occurred in 40 (44%) and 13 (14%), respectively, and ultimate local and distant failure rates were 45% and 29%, respectively. Although Grade IV esophageal complication of T-E fistula was observed in one patient, most patients with pulmonary complication showed mild, transient radiation pneumonitis.
CONCLUSION
This result suggests that the treatrnent of stage III NSCLC with concomitant boost RT may improve survival rates without enhanced radiation induced toxicity compared with conventional RT. Further investigation of dose escalation by conformal radiotherapy of combining chemotherapy and accelerated RT is warranted.
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Prognostic Factors for Local Control and Survival in T1-T2 Glottic Cancer
Charn Il Park, Kyung Hwan Shin, Suk Won Park, Seong Soo Shin, Kwang Hyun Kim
J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1997;29(6):984-991.
AbstractAbstract PDF
PURPOSE
To evaluate the efficacy of radiotherapy as the first treatment of T1-T2 golttic cancers, we analyzed survival rates, local control rates, and voice preservation rates retrospectively. Furthermore, prognostic factors potentially influencing local control and incidence of second primary tumors were analyzed.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
One hundred patients with T1-T2 glottic cancer were irradiated between February 1989 and July 1991. Median follow-up time was 80 months. 1) Factors analyzed for each patient included age, stage, anterior commissure involvement, fraction size, field size, total dose and treatment time. 2) Survival analysis methods were employed to assess the effects of these factors in local control and survival rates. All patients received Co-60 irradiation, one daily fraction of 1.75~2.0 Gy to doses of 60~72 Gy.
RESULTS
The overall survival rate, disease free survival rate and cause specific survival rates for all patients at 5 year were 80.7%, 78.6% and 87.3%, respectively. The 5-year overall survival rates for patients with T1, 2 were 82.8% and 76.9%, respectively. Overall treatment time of 50 days or less was uniquely found to have superior impact on local control rate to that of more than 50 days in univariate prognostic factor analysis (p=0.0494), and showed statistical trend in multivariate analysis (p=0.0577). Fourteen patients who had showed relapse after radiotherapy underwent salvage operation, among whom nine patients were cured. The 5-year local control rate for all patients after radiotherapy was 79% and ultimate local control rate was 87%. Voice preservation rate after radiotherapy and salvage operation was 87.6%. The second primary cancer developed in 9 patients (9%).
CONCLUSION
Radiotherapy which showed high survival rates and voice preservation rate proved to be the optimal initial treatment for patients with T1-T2 glottic cancer. Prolongation of overall treatment should be avoided as the overall treatment was found to have a significant impact on the local control of tumor. The close follow-up and prevention should be needed to decrease the death rate by second primary tumor.
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Influence of tumor size on chemosensitivity of FSa II in combination of cyclophosphamide and radiation
Woong Ki Chung, Hyon De Chung, Sung Whan Ha, Charn Il Park
J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1992;24(1):109-124.
AbstractAbstract PDF
No abstract available.
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The Effectiveness of Palliative Radiotherapy in the Management of Metastatic Bone Disease
Charn Il Park, Sung Whan Ha
J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1981;13(1):67-71.
AbstractAbstract PDF
To determine the effectiveness of radiotherapy for the palliation of pain in metas- tatic bone disease, we retrospectively analyzed the treatment results in 32 patients who received short-courae radiotherapy(2000 rad/I wk vs. 3000 rad/2 wk) in the dept. 'of Therapeutic Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital from Feb. 1979 to Oct. 1981. The results are as follows; 1, The incidence of metastatic bone tumor was highest in pelvis and thoracic spine, 27 and 24%., respectively. 2, Lung, kidney, stomach, breast and cervix were the primary sites, in order of frequency. 3. Overall response rate was 92% with excellent response in 48%. 4, There was no significant difference between the dose-fraction schedules of 2000 rad in 1 week and 3000 rad in 2 weeka. 6. We concluded that 2000 rad in 1 wk is at least as effective as 3000 rad in 2 weeks :in the palliation of bone metastasis.
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Alternating Chemotherapy with VIP ( VP-16-213 , Ifosfamide , Cis-Platinum ) and CSV ( Cyclophosphamide , Adriamycin , Vincristi
Soon Nam Lee, Dae Seog Heo, Noe Kyeong Kim, Young Soo Shim, Keun Youl Kim, Keun Youl Kim, Charn Il Park
J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1987;19(2):79-87.
AbstractAbstract PDF
Non-cross resistant regimen consisting of VIP rapidly alternating with CAV has been studied in 45 patients with small cell lung cancer. VP-16 60 mg/m i.v. on days 1-5, ifosfamide 1000 mg/m i.v. on days 1-5, and cis-platinum 60 mg/m i.v. on day 1 was alternated at interval of 3 weeks with cyclophosphamide 1000 mg/m i.v. on day 1, adriamycin 45 mg/m i.v. on day 1 and vincristine 1. 4 mg/m i.v. on day 1. For 27 patients with limited disease, indution chemotherapy with one cycle of VIP and CAV was followed by radiotherapy to primary tumor, both supraclavicular lymph nodes and prophylactic whole brain irradiation. Three to four weeks after the completion of radiotherapy, 12 cycles of VIP and CAV were maintained. Eighteen patients with extensive disease were treated with chemotherapy alone. The results obtained were as follows; I) A 92.6% overall response rate and 44.S% complete remission rate in limited disease and 61. 1% overall response rate and 11.1% complete remission rate in extensive disease were achieved. Overall resonse rate in both stage disease was 80.0% and the rate of complete and partial remission was 33.3% and 46.6% respectively. 2) The overall median duration of remission was 49.2 weeks. The median duration of remission was not reached in limited disease group (range, 4-92+weeks) and 34.5 weeks in extensive disease group. The duration of remission for the complete responders was much longer than that for the partial responders (P<0.01).
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5-Fluorouracil Continuous Infusion and Mitomycin-C ( FM ) Combination Chemotherapy for Metastatic or Recurrent Colorectal Cancer
Keun Chil Park, Sung Soo Yoon, Jae Hoon Lee, Seung Taek Kim, Yung Jue Bang, Noe Kyeong Kim, Jae Gahb Park, Kuhn Uk Lee, Sung Kuk Hong, Kuk Jin Choe, Soo Tae Kim, Sung Whan Ha, Charn Il Park
J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1987;19(2):101-107.
AbstractAbstract PDF
Between March, 1983 and June, 1986, 64 patients with metastatic or recurrent colorectal cancer were treated with a combination chemotherapy consisting of 5-fluorouracil (5-FV), 1,000 mg/m iv continuous infusion over .12 hours on day 1-5; mitomycin-C, 10 mg/m iv on day 1; cycled every 4 weeks. Among 46 patients with measurable lesions, none achieved complete remission and 5 (11%) achieved partial remissions. The median duration of remission was 31 weeks. Overall median survival was 49 weeks for all patients; 65 weeks for patients with remission; 51 weeks for those with stable disease; and 31 weeks for those with progressive disease, Greater response rates were observed in patient groups with age over 50, performance status 0-1, no previous history of chemotherapy, initial CEA level less than 10 ng/ml, or metastatic sites of lymph node, than in respective comparative patient groups. But, these differences did not achieved statistical significance. Toxicity was common, but generally mild to moderate and rapidly reversible.
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5-FU Infusion and Cisplatin in Patients with Disseminated or Recurrent Head and Neck Cancer
Jae Hoon Lee, Sung Soo Yoon, Keun Chil Park, Seung Taek Kim, Yung Jue Bang, Noe Kyeong Kim, Kwang Hyun Kim, Yang Gi Min, Charn Il Park
J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1988;20(1):67-73.
AbstractAbstract PDF
56 patients with dissminated or recurrent head and neck cancer were treated with 5-FU infusion and cisplatin between July, 1983 and June, 1986. The results were as follows; 1) Among 54 evaluable patients, response rate was 48.1% (complete responses 7.4% partial responses 40.7%).Response rates of disseminated and recurrent group were 88.9% and 40%, respectively (p<0. 05). 2) Median time to disease progression was 4.4 months for overall patients, and 7.5 months and 2. 9 month for responders and nonresponders; there was statistically significant difference (P<0.05). 3) Median survival was 15.3 month for overall patients and 24.5 month and 9.2 month for responders and nonresponders; there was statistically significant difference (P<0.05). 4) Nausea and vomitting were observed in all patients but easily controlled, and stomatitis, alopecia, diarrhea were obrerved infrequently, 1eukopenia and thrombocytopenia were observed in 25, 9% and 1, 9%, In conclusion, combination chemotherapy with 5 FV infusion and cisplatin in patients with disseninated or recurrent head and neck cancer seemed to be relatively effective and well tolerable.
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Neadjuvant Chemotherapy with 5-Fluorouracil Infusion and Cisplatin Followed by Radiotherapy for Locally Advanced Head and Neck Cancer
Yung Jue Bang, Sung Soo Yoon, Keun Chil Park, Jae Hoon Lee, Seung Taek Kim, Noe Kyeong Kim, Charn Il Park, Kwang Hyun Kim, Yang Gi Min
J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1988;20(1):82-90.
AbstractAbstract PDF
Thirty-two patients with previously untreated, locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck were treated with 2 or 3 cycles of combination chemotherapy consisting of 5- fluorouracil infusion and cisplatin (FP), followed by curative radiotherapy. Three patients(9%) achieved complete respanses and 25(78%), partial responses after neaadjuvant chemotherapy. Follow- ing subsequent radiotherapy, 16(50%) achieved complete responses and 14(44%), partial responses, giving overall response rate of 94% with a median duration of response of 24.0+ and 9.5 months, respectively. The median survivals of the patients with complete and partial responses were 24.0+ and 11.0 months, respectively. The median survival of the patients with complete responses were significantly prolonged in comparison with that of those with partial responses. Toxicities from the treatments were common, but most of which were easily manageable and transient, with no treatment-related fatalities.
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The Effect of Ethanol on the Experimental Hepatocarcinogenesis Induced by 3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene
Hee Jeong Ahn, Charn Il Park
J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1994;26(1):24-41.
AbstractAbstract PDF
It has been generally accepted that sequential histological changes develop during the course of hepatocarcinogenesis as the precancerous lesions. However, the exact pathogenic mechanism and the relationship between these precancerous lesions and carcinoma remain contro- versiaL In 3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene(3'-MeDAB) induced hepatocarcinogenesis, the intermediate metabolites produced by cytochrome P, oxidase system of hepatocytes are thought to be the ultimate carcinogen, and conceivably such drugs as ethanol which is also oxidized by the same hepatic oxidase system may affect the 3-MeDAB induced hepatocarcinogenesis. The present study aimed to elucidate that the cytokinetic nature of the hepatic lesions developed by 3'-MeDAB administration and the effect of ethanol on the course of hepatocarcinogenesis. Sprague-Dawley male rats about 180 g were used for the experiment, and divided into 8 groups according to the duration and doses of 3-MeDAB and ethanol administered: I. normal control, IL 3-MeDAB only for 6 weeks, III. 3'-MeDAB only for 9 weeks, IV. 3'-MeDAB with a small dose(4 g/kg) of ethanol, V. 3'-MeDAB with a large dose(ll g/kg) of ehtanol, VL ethanol pretreatment for 3 weeks followed by 3'-MeDAB plus ethanol for 9 weeks, VII. Ethanol only for 9 weeks in a small dose, VIII. Ethanol only for 9 weeks in a large dose. Animals were sacrificed at 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 weeks. The liver weight, the gross and microscopical changes of the liver were compered between the experimental groups. Cell kinetics of the various hepatic lesions developed in the hepatocarcinogenesis was examined by applying the immunohistochemical method for bromodeoxyuridine(BrdU). The results are as follows: 1) Liver weights tended to increase gradually in the experimental groups treated with 3'- MeDAB with or without ethanol, whereas it decreased in the animals given ethanoi alone. 2) The number and size of hepatic granules, nodules and masses continued to increaae in the
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Radiotheraphy of Chondrosarcoma of Bone - A review of 12 cases -
Charn Il Park, Won Dong Kim
J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1994;26(4):637-642.
AbstractAbstract PDF
Twelve patients with chondrosarcoma of bone who were treated with radiotherapy at the Seoul National University Hospital between 1979 and 1992 were reviewed. Of the 12 patients, 9 patients were classified with grade I or II chondrosarcoma and 3 patients with mesenchymal or dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma. 3 patients received radiotherapy alone and 9 patients received surgery and postoperative radiotherapy. Tumor doses ranged from 54 Gy to 70 Gy. With a median follow-up of 30 months, three patients died: two with uncontrolled local disease and one with distant metastasis. The remaining 9 patients(75%, 9/12) showed the long-term survival after radiotherapy, which suggests that radiotherapy may be contributed to improve the local control or cure rate in the management of chondrasarcoma of the bone.
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Assessment of Cell Proliferation in Primary and Recurrent Colorectal Cancers - Expression of Transforming Growth Factor - α and Prolifer
Jin Sil Seong, Sun Hee Sung, Jung Woon Lee, Hyun Soo Shin, Charn Il Park, Oh Hun Kwon
J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1995;27(2):223-230.
AbstractAbstract PDF
Cell proliferation potential has been found to be a significant biological parameter correlated with the clinical outcome. This study was ta investigate the cell proliferation potential in primary and recurrent colorectal tumor tissues. Using paraffin-embedded tissues from the paired primary and recurrent tumors of l0 patients, a simple hematoxylineosin stain was done and immunohistochemical stains for trans- forming growth factor-a(TGF-a) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA) were performed through a labeled streptavidine biotin method. DNA contents and S-phase fraction(SPF) of the cells were assessed by flowcytometric DNA analysis. The degree of differentiation was poorer in the recurrent tumors than in primary tumors. In 4 primary tumors with mixed adenocacinoma and mucinous adenocarcinoma, only the mucinous adenocarcinoma companent was shown in the recurrent tumors. There was no difference in TGF-a expression between the primary and the recurrent tumors however, PCNA was overexpressed in the recurrent tumors comparing to the primary tumors. Flow cytometric DNA analysis was successful in 7 paired cases. There was change of the ploidy from the diploidy to the aneuploidy in 4 cases. SPF showed remarkable increase in the recurrent tumors comparing to the primary tumors. These results show high proliferative potential of the recurrent colorectal tumors, which can be measured using PCNA expression and SPF as biomarkers. Based on the results of this study, an effort to establish more refined method to predict recurrence should be pursued.
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The Timing of Thoracic Radiotherapy for Limited Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer
Charn Il Park, Young Ho Kim, Yung Jue Bang, Dae Seog Heo, Noe Kyeong Kim
J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1995;27(3):442-451.
AbstractAbstract PDF
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the timing of thoracic radiotherapy in the combined modality therapy of limited stage small cell lung cancer with respect to local control and survivaL Two hundred and one patients with limited stage small cell lung cancer were treated at Seoul National University Hospital between April 1979 and February 1991. Of these, l12 patients received thoracic radiotherapy following 2 cycles of cyclophosphamide, adriamycin and vincristine( CAV) or VP-16, ifosphamide and cisplatin(VIP) alternating CAV schedule(sequential CT/RT) and 89 patients received thoracic radiotherapy concurrently with the 3rd cycle of etoposide and cisplatin(EP) or alternating EP/CAV schedule(concurrent CT/RT). Thoracic radiotherapy consisted of 40-45 Gy in 4-5 weeks. All patients received prophylactic cranial ir- radiation with 25 Gy in 10 fractions over 2 weeks. The over survival at 2 years for all 201 patients was 29.2%, with a median survival of 17 months. The median survival was 16 months for the sequential CT/RT and 18 months for the concurrent CT/RT. The survival rate in the sequential CT/RT schedule was 26.1% at 2 years, and 16.2% at 5 years, as compared with 32.5%, and 22.8% at 2 years and 5 years, respectively, in the concurrent CT/RT schedule. However, there was no significant difference between the two schedules(p=0.11). The local control rates for alternating EP/CAV regimens with concur- rent thoracic radiotherapy was significantly higher than that for other regimens(p=0.003). Seventy-two(48%) patients had local failure as the first site of failure, whereas 39(26%) patients had distant failure without local failures. Thirty-eight(26%) patients had local and distant failure. These results indicate that early, concurrent thoracic radiotherapy with alternating EP/ CAV regimens have the improved local control rates and a trend of the better survival in the combined modality treatment of limited stage small cell lung cancer.
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The Effect of Ginkgo biloba extract on Radiation Tumor Growth Delay in C3H Mouse Fibrosarcoma
Moon Jung Cho, Chun Ja Yi, Sung Whan Ha, Charn Il Park
J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1995;27(3):482-490.
AbstractAbstract PDF
Ginkgo biloba extract(GBE), extract from leaves of Ginkgo biloba tree, is known to increase peripheral blood flow. Under the assumption that GBE would increase tumor blood flow and improve oxygen supply to the tumor and enhance radiatian sensitivity, the effect of GBE on radiation tumor growth delay was investigated. C3H mouse fibrosarcoma(FSaII), 6 mm in size, growing in the hidleg muscle of C3H mouse was used. GBE was injected i.p. once 1 hr prior to irradiation or twice 25 hrs and 1 hr prior to irradiation. Tumor growth was not influenced by GBE treatment alone. Tumor growth delay by a single dose of 50 mg/kg and l00 mg/kg of GBE plus 10 Gy of radiation was prolonged to 1.23 times and to 1.36-1.49 times when compared with 10 Gy irradiation alone. Tumor growth delay by two doses of 100 mg/kg of GBE plus 10 Gy of irradiation increased to 1.66-1.84 times(p<0.05). Radiation dose required for 3 day tumor growth delay decreased to half when two doses of 100 mg/kg of GBE was given prior to irradiation. Based on these results, it is concluded that GBE enhances radiation sensitivity of C3H mouse fibrosarcoma(FSaII) and could be a potential radiosensitizer for the malignant tumor.
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The Effect of Hydralazine on Hyperthermic Treatment of C3H Mouse Fibrosarcoma
Woo Yoon Park, Sung Whan Ha, Charn Il Park
J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1995;27(4):671-680.
AbstractAbstract PDF
Hypoxic cells comprise l0~20% of tumor cells and are more sensitive to hyperthermia. By decreasing tumor blood flow artificially and thus increasing the hypoxic fraction in the tumor, the cytotoxic effect of hyperthermia can be increased. Hydralazine is an antihypertensive drug and its main mechanism is relaxation of the vascular smooth muscle of arterioles rather than veins. Administration of hydralazine causes a decrease in vascular resistance and an increase in blood flow in normal tissue, but since the vasculature of tumor is not responsive to such a drug, blood flow in tumors is decreased because of steal phenomenon. Thus the hypoxic fraction in the tumor is increased, and the tumor becomes more sensitive to hyperthermia. Therefore, to evaluate the hydralazine effect on hyperthermia, the tumor growth delay was investigated and the change in the hynoxic fraction of the tumor was estimated using C3H mouse fibrosarcoma(FSaII) with hypoxic fractions af usual range. In 6 mm FSaII tumors grow- ing in the dorsum of the foot, administration af 5 or l0 mg/kg of hydralazine was followed by 43`C, hyperthermia for 60 minutes. Tumor growth times (TGT) to reach a tumor volume of 500 mm(2) were 7.11+-0.84 days and 7.44+- 1.13 days for controls and 10 mg/kg of hydralazine only. TGTs for hyperthermia alone and administration of 5 or 10 mg/kg of hydralazine followed by hyperthermia were 10.34+-2.17 days, 13.38+-1.82 days and 14.47+- 0.67 days, respectively. Elongation of tumor growth delay by administration of 5 or l0 mg/kg of hydralazine in addition to hyperthermia were statistically significant (0.025
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Radiation Therapy of Carcinoma of the Cervical Stump
Seung Jae Huh, Won Dong Kim, Yong Chan Ahn, Sung Whan Ha, Il Han Kim, Charn Il Park
J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1995;27(6):986-990.
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We have reviewed 19 cases of cervical stump cancer treated at the Seoul National and Soonchunhyang University Hospital from 1983 to 1993. Patients were treated with external beam radiation and/or intracavitary radiation. Median follow up period is 39 months. The absolute disease free, and overall survival rate for all patients are 51% and 70%, respectively. Six pelvic failures and two distant metastasis were observed. Recurrences were more common in external radiotherapy only or external radiotherapy plus colpostat application group than in the external radiotherapy plus tandem and colpostat treatment group. The grade 2 complication rate was 21%(4/l9) but there were no life threatening complications. Radiation therapy is effective for the treatment of cervical stump cancer.
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Radiotherapy of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oral Tongue
Young Ho Kim, Do Hoon Oh, Charn Il Park, Kwang Hyun Kim
J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1995;27(6):1002-1008.
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Fifty-one patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue were seen at Seoul National University Hospital between 1981 and 1989 and analyzed. Thirty-four patients were treated with radiotherapy alone and 17 patients with surgery and radiation therapy. Of the 34 patients receiving radiotherapy alone, 18 patients were treated with external beam irradiation alone, 11 patients with electron boost using intraoral cone(IOC) and external beam irradiation, 3 patients with interstitial implant and external beam irradiation, and 2 patients with IOC, interstital implant, and external beam irradiation. The overall 5-year survival rates(YSR) were 41.8%. The 5-YSR in stage I+II in radiotherapy(RT) alone group were 38.7% and in surgery plus radiation(OP+RT) group 81.8%(p=0.03). The 5-YSR in stage III+IV in RT alone group were 0.0% and in OP+RT group 53.3%(p=0.03). The five-year local control rates were 35.3%. The 5-year local control rates in stage I+II in RT alone group were 33.6% and in OP+RT group 61.1(p=0.04). The 5-year local control rates in stage III+IV in RT alone group were 11.1% and in OP+RT graup 53.3%(p=0.03). In RT alone group, The 5-year local control rates in stage I+II were 40.0% for patients treated with external beam irradiation only and 31.3% for patients treated with IOC or interstitial implant(p=0.68). In ealry stage(Stage I and II) oral tongue cancer, curative radiotherapy with IOC or interstital implant would be a treatment of choice and surgery reserved for salvage of radiotherapy failure. In advanced stage(Stage III and IV), surgery and postoperative radiotherapy are recommende as a treatment of choice.
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Characteristics of Epstein - Barr Virus Expressed in the Nasopharyngeal Carcinomas of Korean Patients
Jae Myun Lee, Tae Yoon Lee, Jeon Han Park, Se Jong Kim, Hyunee Yim, Charn Il Park, Ho Gune Kim
J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1996;28(5):806-813.
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Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is frequently associated with nasopharyngeal lymphoepithe-liomas and certain types of lymphoma, and rare lymphoepithelioma-like carcinomas occuring in various of organs such as stomach, parotid gland, thymus and lung. We have investigated the possibility that EBV may be present not only in the rare type of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, but also in the typical nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) of squamous cell type. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the W fragment of EBV was performed for the detection of EBV DNA, and in situ hybridization was performed for the detection of latent EBV infection in formalin-fixed paraffin embedded surgical specimens with EBER probe. PCR for the variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) region of the latent membrane protein-1 gene was also performed for the differentiation of the infected EBV subtype in the different tumors. Positive reactions of the EBV was shown in 18 (86 %) of 21 cases of NPC. These reactions were detected by all of the above cases only in the carcinoma tissue specimens. The frequency of EBV gene expression at the NPC was related to the histologic differentiation of the tumors: All of the 9 cases of the lymphoepitheliomas and 3 cases of poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinomas were positive for EBV, 5 out of 7 squamous cell carcinomas of moderate differentiation were positive for EBV, and 2 cases of the well differentiated squamous cell carcinomas were negative for EBV. The EBV found in the NPC has three different number of VNTR in the latent membrane protein gene-1. These results suggest that variable subtypes of EBVs are associated with the NPC and the association of RBV with NPC is late event in the nasopharyngeal carcinoma progression as evidenced by negative association in the preneoplastic lesion and frequent association in the more poor differentiated tumors.
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Management of Hypopharyngeal Carcinoma
Hong Gyun Wu, Hyung Joon Yoo, Charn Il Park, Kwang Hyun Kim, Young Kap Cho
J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1996;28(5):813-819.
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Fifty-nine patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the hyphopharynx were treated at Seoul National University Hospital between October 1979 and December 1992. Of these, l8 patients received radiotherapy alone, 17 patients received planned surgery with neck dissection, followed by post-operative radiotherapy, and 24 patients received radiotherapy following 2 or 3 cycles of FP chemotherapy. A median follwo-up period was 41 months, ranged from 25 months to 129 months. The majority of the patients(94.9%, 56/59) was diagnosed with stage III(19%) or IV(75.9%). The overall survival at 5 years for all patients was 29%,with a median survival of 29 months. The 5-year survival rate was 15% on radiotherapy alone, 35% on surgery and postoperative radiotherapy, and 33% on 2 cyles of FP regimens followed by radiotherapy(p=0.001). However, the survival rates between surgery plus postoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy following radiotherapy was not statistically significant, but voice preservation and swallowing function is superior with chemotherapy following radiotherapy. Although there was no randomized studies of surgery and postoperative radiotherapy versus chemothrapy following radiotherapy, nonsurgical management of advanced hypopharyngeal cancer employing chemothrapy and radiotherapy is preferred to radical surgery for patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the hypopharynx.
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