Purpose
The association between tobacco smoking and thyroid cancer remains uncertain. We evaluated the associations of active and passive smokingwith the risk of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), the most common type of thyroid cancer, and with the BRAFV600E mutation, the most common oncogenic mutation in PTC related to poor prognosis.
Materials and Methods
We conducted this study with newly diagnosed PTC patients (n=2,142) and community controls (n=21,420) individually matched to cases for age and sex. Information on active and passive smoking and potential confounders were obtained from structured questionnaires, anthropometric measurements, and medical records. BRAFV600E mutation status was assessed in PTC patients. We evaluated the associations of active and passive smoking with PTC and BRAFV600E mutation risk using conditional and unconditional logistic regression models, respectively.
Results
We did not find associations between exposure indices of active and passive smoking and PTC risk in both men and women, except for the association between current smoking and lower PTC risk. Cumulative smoking ≥ 20 pack-years was associated with lower BRAFV600E mutation risk in male PTC patients (odds ratio [OR], 0.55; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.30 to 1.00). The CI for the association was wider in female PTC patients (OR, 0.23; 95% CI, 0.02 to 2.62), possibly owing to a smaller sample size in this stratum.
Conclusion
We did not find consistent associations between active and passive smoking and PTC risk. Cumulative smoking ≥ 20 pack-years was associated with lower BRAFV600E mutation risk in male PTC patients.
Citations
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Geographic variation in the association between Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and Papillary thyroid carcinoma, a meta-analysis Nabil W. G. Sweis, Ayman A. Zayed, Mira Al Jaberi, Lina AlQirem, Tala Basheer Hyasat, Farah A. Khraisat, Ward Maaita, Ahmad Moayad Naser, Abdullah Nimer, Mamoon Qatamin, Jaleel J. G. Sweis, Nadia Sweis, Abdallah T. Al-Ani, Ahmad M. Alghrabli, Alireza Hagh Endocrine.2023; 81(3): 432. CrossRef
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Purpose
The aim of this study was to compare the public perceptions of the incidence rates and survival rates for common cancers with the actual rates from epidemiologic data.
Materials and Methods
We conducted a survey of Korean adults without history of cancer (n=2,000). The survey consisted of questions about their perceptions regarding lifetime incidence rates and 5-year survival rates for total cancer, as well as those of eight site-specific cancers. To investigate associated factors, we included questions about cancer worry (Lerman’s Cancer Worry Scale) or cared for a family member or friend with cancer as a caregiver.
Results
Only 19% of Korean adults had an accurate perception of incidence rates compared with the epidemiologic data on total cancer. For specific cancers, most of the respondents overestimated the incidence rates and 10%-30% of men and 6%-18% of women had an accurate perception. A high score in “cancer worry” was associated with higher estimates of incidence rates in total and specific cancers. In cancers with high actual 5-year survival rates (e.g., breast and thyroid), the majority of respondents underestimated survival rates. However, about 50% of respondents overestimated survival rates in cancers with low actual survival rates (e.g., lung and liver). There was no factor consistently associated with perceived survival rates.
Conclusion
Widespread discrepancies were observed between perceived probability and actual epidemiological data. In order to reduce cancer worry and to increase health literacy, communication and patient education on appropriate risk is needed.
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Purpose Screening for second primary cancer (SPC) is one of the key components to survivorship care. We aim to evaluate the oncologists’ experience with SPCs and assess the current practice, perceived barriers, and recommendations related to SPC screening. Materials and Methods A nationwide survey was conducted with a representative sample of 496 Korean oncologists. A questionnaire based on the findings from our previous qualitative study was administered. Results More than three-fourths of oncologists (76.3%), who participated in the study, had experience with SPC patients. Over half of them (51.9%) stated that it was an embarrassing experience. While the current management practice for SPC varies, most oncologists (80.2%) agreed on the necessity in proactively providing information on SPC screening. A short consultation time (52.3%), lack of guidelines and evidence on SPC screening (47.7%), and patients’ lack of knowledge about SPCs (45.1%) or SPC screening (41.4%) were most frequently reported as barriers to providing appropriate care for managing SPC. Oncologists recommended the development of specific screening programs or guidelines in accordance to the type of primary cancer (65.9%), the development of an internal system for SPC screening within the hospital (59.7%) or systematic connection with the national cancer screening program (44.3%), and education of oncologists (41.4%) as well as patients (48.9%) regarding SPC screening. Conclusion Many oncologists reported the occurrence of SPC as an embarrassing experience. Given the variations in current practice and the lack of consensus, further studies are warranted to develop the optimal clinical strategy to provide SPC screening for cancer survivors.
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