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Volume 47(1); January 2015
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Original Articles
Patient’s Factors at Entering Hospice Affecting Length of Survival in a Hospice Center
Guk Jin Lee, Hye Shin Ahn, Se Eun Go, Ji Hyun Kim, Min Wu Seo, Seung Hun Kang, Yeo Ree Yang, Mi Yeong Lee, Ku Ock Lee, Sang Hoon Chun, Jong Youl Jin
Cancer Res Treat. 2015;47(1):1-8.   Published online August 28, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2013.148
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Purpose
In order to provide effective hospice care, adequate length of survival (LOS) in hospice is necessary. However the reported average LOS is much shorter. Analysis of LOS in hospice has not been reported from Korea. We evaluated the duration of LOS and the factors associated with LOS at our hospice center.
Materials and Methods
We retrospectively examined 446 patients who were admitted to our hospice unit between January 2010 and December 2012. We performed univariate and multivariate analysis for analysis of factors associated with LOS.
Results
The median LOS was 9.5 days (range, 1 to 186 days). The LOS of 389 patients (86.8%) was< 1 month. At the time of admission to hospice, 112 patients (25.2%) were completely bedridden, 110 patients (24.8%) had mouth care only without intake, and 134 patients (30.1%) had decreased consciousness, from confusion to coma. The median time interval between the day of the last anticancer treatment and the day of hospice admission was 75 days. By analysis of the results of multivariate analysis, decreased intake and laboratory results showing increased total white blood cell (WBC), decreased platelet count, increased serum creatinine, increased aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level were poor prognostic factors for survival in hospice.
Conclusion
Before hospice admission, careful evaluation of the patient’s performance, particularly the oral intake, and total WBC, platelet, creatinine, AST, ALT, and LDH level is essential, because these were strong predictors of shorter LOS. In the future, conduct of prospective controlled studies is warranted in order to confirm the relationship between potential prognostic factors and LOS in hospice.

Citations

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  • Changes in the palliative performance scale may be as important as the initial palliative performance scale for predicting survival in terminal cancer patients
    Guk Jin Lee, Ji Hyun Gwak, Myoung Sim Kim, Mi Yeong Lee, Seo Ree Kim, Sang Hoon Chun, Jong Youl Jin
    Palliative and Supportive Care.2021; 19(5): 547.     CrossRef
  • Safety, Efficacy, and Patient Satisfaction with Initial Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters Compared with Usual Intravenous Access in Terminally Ill Cancer Patients: A Randomized Phase II Study
    Eun Ju Park, Kwonoh Park, Jae-Joon Kim, Sang-Bo Oh, Ki Sun Jung, So Yeon Oh, Yun Jeong Hong, Jin Hyeok Kim, Joo Yeon Jang, Ung-Bae Jeon
    Cancer Research and Treatment.2021; 53(3): 881.     CrossRef
  • Hypernatremia at admission predicts poor survival in patients with terminal cancer: a retrospective cohort study
    Min-Seok Seo, In Cheol Hwang, Jaehun Jung, Hwanhee Lee, Jae Hee Choi, Jae-Yong Shim
    BMC Palliative Care.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The Impact of Combined Use of Opioids, Antipsychotics, and Anxiolytics on Survival in the Hospice Setting
    Marin Golčić, Renata Dobrila-Dintinjana, Goran Golčić, Aleksandar Čubranić
    Journal of Pain and Symptom Management.2018; 55(1): 22.     CrossRef
  • Cancer-related hypercalcemia in oral cancer
    T.-C. Lin, K.-L. Liang, L.-C. Lee, C.-Y. Hsu, T.-T. Yen
    International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery.2018; 47(6): 685.     CrossRef
  • Physical Exercise: An Evaluation of a New Clinical Biomarker of Survival in Hospice Patients
    Marin Golčić, Renata Dobrila-Dintinjana, Goran Golčić, Lidija Gović-Golčić, Aleksandar Čubranić
    American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine®.2018; 35(11): 1377.     CrossRef
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    Youngin Lee, Seung Hun Lee, Yun Jin Kim, Sang Yeoup Lee, Jeong Gyu Lee, Dong Wook Jeong, Yu Hyeon Yi, Young Jin Tak, Hye Rim Hwang, Mieun Gwon
    BMC Palliative Care.2018;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Prediction of Patient Discharge Status Based on Indicators on Admission
    Sung-In Chung, Seung Hun Lee, Yun-Jin Kim, Sang-Yeoup Lee, Jeong-Gyu Lee, Yu-Hyeon Yi, Young-Hye Cho, Young-Jin Tak, Hye-Rim Hwang, Eun-Ju Park, Kyung-Mi Kim
    The Korean Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care.2018; 21(3): 75.     CrossRef
  • Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Survival Score (ALS-SS): A simple scoring system for early prediction of patient survival
    Christian Lunetta, Andrea Lizio, Mario Giovanni Melazzini, Eleonora Maestri, Valeria A. Sansone
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  • Safety, efficacy, and patient-perceived satisfaction of peripherally inserted central catheters in terminally ill cancer patients: a prospective multicenter observational study
    Kwonoh Park, Hyun Jung Jun, So Yeon Oh
    Supportive Care in Cancer.2016; 24(12): 4987.     CrossRef
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Incidence and Survival of Pediatric Soft Tissue Sarcomas: Comparison between Adults and Children
Sun Min Lim, Cheol Joo Yoo, Jung Woo Han, Yong Jin Cho, Soo Hee Kim, Joong Bae Ahn, Sun Young Rha, Sang Joon Shin, Hyun Cheol Chung, Woo Ick Yang, Kyoo-Ho Shin, Jae Kyung Rho, Hyo Song Kim
Cancer Res Treat. 2015;47(1):9-17.   Published online August 21, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2013.157
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Purpose
Pediatric-type sarcomas such as rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), Ewing sarcoma (EWS), primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET), and desmoplastic small round-cell tumor (DSRCT) are rare in adults, with limited studies on their prognosis and optimal treatment strategies. We aimed to examine the outcome of children and adult patients with RMS, EWS, PNET, and DSRCT and relevant prognostic factors. Materials and Methods We retrospectively reviewed 220 pediatric-type sarcoma patients at a single institution between 1985 and 2011. Comparisons were made in order to examine differences in demographics, disease characteristics, and survival. Survival analyses were performed using the Kaplan-Meier method with log-rank tests and Cox proportional hazards models. Results A total of 220 consecutive patients were identified at our institute. Median age was 15.6 years (range, 0 to 81 years) and there were 108 children (49%) and 112 adult patients (51%). According to histological classification, 106 patients (48.2%) had RMS, 60 (27.3%) had EWS, 50 (22.7%) had PNET, and 4 (1.8%) had DSRCT. With a median follow-up period of 6.6 years, the estimated median overall survival (OS) of all patients was 75 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 27.2 to 122.8 months) and median event-free survival (EFS) for all patients was 11 months (95% CI, 8.8 to 13.2 months). No significant difference in OS and EFS was observed between adults and children. In multivariate analysis, distant metastasis (hazard ratio [HR], 1.617; 95% CI, 1.022 to 2.557; p=0.040) and no debulking surgery (HR, 1.443; 95% CI, 1.104 to 1.812; p=0.012) showed independent association with worse OS. Conclusion Metastatic disease and no surgical treatment are poor prognostic factors for OS among pediatric-type sarcomas for both adults and children.

Citations

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    Journal of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology.2022; 44(3): e637.     CrossRef
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A Phase I/II Trial to Evaluate the Technical Feasibility of Partial Breast Irradiation with Three-Dimensional Conformal Radiation Therapy in Korean Women with Stage I Breast Carcinoma: An Initial Report of the Korean Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (KROG) Study 0804
Jae-Uk Jeong, Jung Han Yoon, Min Ho Park, Mee Sun Yoon, Ju-Young Song, Taek-Keun Nam, Woong-Ki Chung, Yong-Hyub Kim, Chang-Ok Suh, Sung-Ja Ahn
Cancer Res Treat. 2015;47(1):18-25.   Published online August 21, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2013.202
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Purpose
This prospective study was designed to verify the technical feasibility of partial breast irradiation in breast cancer patients with small breasts, which are commonly encountered in Korean women. Materials and Methods A total of 40 Gy, administered in 10 fractions on consecutive days (one fraction per day), was prescribed to the isocenters of the fields using three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3-DCRT). For all patients, treatment planning and dose parameters strictly adhered to the constraints set forth in the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) 0319 protocol. This study was designed such that if fewer than five of the first 42 evaluable patients received unacceptable scores, the treatment would be considered reproducible. Results Ten treatment plans (23.8%) were determined to have major variations. There was no major variation in planning target volume (PTV) coverage. The ipsilateral and contralateral breast dose limitations were not met in four (9.5%) and four cases (9.5%), respectively. Major variations in ipsilateral and contralateral lung dose limitations were observed in two cases (4.8%). Major variations in the heart and thyroid dose limitations were observed in one (2.4%) and one case (2.4%), respectively. In multivariate analysis, a ratio of PTV to ipsilateral breast volume (PTV/IB) > 0.16 was the only significant factor that statistically affected major variations. Conclusion We concluded that partial breast irradiation using 3-DCRT could not be reproduced in Korean breast cancer patients, particularly small-volumed breast surrogated as PTV/IB > 0.16. The dominant cause was the major variation in surrounding normal breast tissues.

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  • Assessment of Eligibility and Utilization of Accelerated Partial Breast Irradiation in Korean Breast Cancer Patients (KROG 22-15)
    Seok-Joo Chun, Ji Hwan Jo, Yong Bae Kim, Sangjoon Park, Sung-Ja Ahn, Su Ssan Kim, Kyubo Kim, Kyung Hwan Shin
    Cancer Research and Treatment.2024; 56(2): 549.     CrossRef
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    Jee Suk Chang, Ji Hyun Chang, Nalee Kim, Yong Bae Kim, Kyung Hwan Shin, Kyubo Kim
    Journal of Breast Cancer.2022; 25(5): 349.     CrossRef
  • Who are the optimal candidates for partial breast irradiation?
    Ji Hyeon Joo, Yongkan Ki, Hosang Jeon, Dong Woon Kim, Jinhong Jung, Su Ssan Kim
    Asia-Pacific Journal of Clinical Oncology.2021; 17(4): 305.     CrossRef
  • First Experience in Korea of Stereotactic Partial Breast Irradiation for Low-Risk Early-Stage Breast Cancer
    Won Hee Lee, Jee Suk Chang, Min Jung Kim, Vivian Youngjean Park, Jung Hyun Yoon, Se Young Kim, Jee Ye Kim, Hyung Seok Park, Seung Il Kim, Young Up Cho, Byeong Woo Park, Yong Bae Kim
    Frontiers in Oncology.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef
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Prospective Evaluation of the Feasibility of Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Breast Cancer Patients with Negative Axillary Conversion after Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy
Hy-De Lee, Sung Gwe Ahn, Seung Ah Lee, Hak Min Lee, Joon Jeong
Cancer Res Treat. 2015;47(1):26-33.   Published online August 29, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2013.208
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Purpose
Tumor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) may adversely affect the identification and accuracy rate of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB). This study was conducted to evaluate the feasibility of SLNB in node-positive breast cancer patients with negative axillary conversion after NAC. Materials and Methods Ninety-six patients with positive nodes at presentation were prospectively enrolled. 18Fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (18F-FDG PET) and ultrasonography were performed before and after NAC. A metastatic axillary lymph node was defined as positive if it was positive upon both 18F-FDG PET and ultrasonography, while it was considered negative if it was negative upon both 18F-FDG PET and ultrasonography. Results After NAC, 55 cases (57.3%) became clinically node-negative, while 41 cases (42.7%) remained node-positive. In the entire cohort, the sentinel lymph node (SLN) identification and false-negative rates were 84.3% (81/96) and 18.4% (9/49), respectively. In the negative axillary conversion group, the results of SLNB showed an 85.7% (48/55) identification rate and 16.7% (4/24) false-negative rate. Conclusion For breast cancer patients with clinically positive nodes at presentation, it is difficult to conclude whether the SLN accurately represents the metastatic status of all axillary lymph nodes, even after clinically negative node conversion following NAC.

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  • Feasibility of Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Breast Cancer Patients with Axillary Conversion after Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy—A Single-Tertiary Centre Experience and Review of the Literature
    Alexandra Maria Lazar, Mario-Demian Mutuleanu, Paula Monica Spiridon, Cristian Ioan Bordea, Tatiana Lucia Suta, Alexandru Blidaru, Mirela Gherghe
    Diagnostics.2023; 13(18): 3000.     CrossRef
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    Michael Friedrich, Thorsten Kühn, Wolfgang Janni, Volkmar Müller, Maggie Banys-Paluchowski, Cornelia Kolberg-Liedtke, Christian Jackisch, David Krug, Ute-Susann Albert, Ingo Bauerfeind, Jens Blohmer, Wilfried Budach, Peter Dall, Eva M. Fallenberg, Peter A
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  • The Accuracy of Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy Following Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Clinically Node Positive Breast Cancer Patients: A Single Institution Experience
    Hossein Yahyazadeh, Maria Hashemian, Mojtaba Rajabpour, Saina Aminmozaffari, Maryam Zaree, Ahmad R Mafi, Hossein Pourtavakoli, Narges Sistany Allahabadi, Marzieh Beheshti
    International Journal of Cancer Management.2018;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Xin Zhang, Ying Wang
    Oncoscience.2018; 5(7-8): 239.     CrossRef
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    Clinical Breast Cancer.2017; 17(7): 550.     CrossRef
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Phase I Dose-Escalation Study of Proton Beam Therapy for Inoperable Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Tae Hyun Kim, Joong-Won Park, Yeon-Joo Kim, Bo Hyun Kim, Sang Myung Woo, Sung Ho Moon, Sang Soo Kim, Young-Hwan Koh, Woo Jin Lee, Sang Jae Park, Joo-Young Kim, Dae Yong Kim, Chang-Min Kim
Cancer Res Treat. 2015;47(1):34-45.   Published online September 11, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2013.218
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to determine the optimal dose of proton beam therapy (PBT) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients.
Materials and Methods
Inoperable HCC patients who had naïve, recurrent, or residual tumor to treatment were considered eligible for PBT. Patients received PBT with 60 GyE in 20 fractions (dose level 1; equivalent dose in 2 Gy fractions [EQD2], 65 GyE10); 66 GyE in 22 fractions (dose level 2; EQD2, 71.5 GyE10); or 72 GyE in 24 fractions (dose level 3; EQD2, 78 GyE10). Dose-limiting toxicity was determined by grade ≥ 3 acute toxicity.
Results
Twenty-seven patients were enrolled; eight, seven, and 12 patients were treated with dose levels 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Overall, treatment was well tolerated, with no dose-limiting toxicities. The complete response (CR) rates of primary tumors after PBT for dose levels 1, 2, and 3 were 62.5% (5/8), 57.1% (4/7), and 100% (12/12), respectively (p=0.039). The 3- and 5-year local progression-free survival (LPFS) rates among 26 patients, excluding one patient who underwent liver transplantation after PBT due to its probable significant effect on disease control, were 79.9% and 63.9%, respectively, and the 3- and 5-year overall survival rates were 56.4% and 42.3%, respectively. The 3-year LPFS rate was significantly higher in patients who achieved CR than in those who did not (90% vs. 40%, p=0.003).
Conclusion
PBT is safe and effective and an EQD2 ≥ 78 GyE10 should be delivered for achievement of local tumor control.

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    Sang Min Yoon
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Analysis of the Prognostic Factors for Distant Metastasis after Induction Chemotherapy Followed by Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy for Head and Neck Cancer
Dong Hyun Kim, Won Taek Kim, Joo Hye Lee, Yong Kan Ki, Ji Ho Nam, Byung Joo Lee, Jin Choon Lee, Young Jin Choi, Young Mi Seol, Dong Won Kim
Cancer Res Treat. 2015;47(1):46-54.   Published online August 25, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2013.212
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Purpose
The aim of this study is to identify the prognostic factors of distant metastasis (DM) after induction chemotherapy (IC) followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for locoregionally advanced head and neck cancer (HNC). Materials and Methods A total of 321 patients with HNC who underwent IC followed by CRT treated between January 2005 and December 2010 were analyzed retrospectively. IC consisted of three courses of docetaxel (70 mg/m2) and cisplatin (75 mg/m2) every three weeks, followed by radiotherapy of 66-70 Gy/2 Gy per fraction/5 fractions per week concurrent with weekly cisplatin (40 mg/m2). Tumor/nodal stage, primary site, tumor differentiation, lower neck node involvement (level IV, VB, and supraclavicular regions), number of concurrent chemotherapy cycles, overall duration of radiotherapy, and response to IC were assessed as potential prognostic factors influencing DM and survival outcome. Results The five-year loco-regional recurrence and DM rates were 23.6% and 18.2%. N stage, overall duration of radiotherapy, lower neck node involvement, and response to IC were significant factors for DM. With a median follow-up period of 52 months (range, 4 to 83 months), the 5-year progression-free, DM-free, and overall survival rates were 41.2%, 50.7%, and 55.1%, respectively. Lower neck node involvement (p=0.008) and poor response to IC (p < 0.001) showed an association with significantly inferior DM-free survival. Conclusion Even with the addition of IC, the DM rate and survival outcome were poor when metastatic lower neck lymph nodes were present or when patients failed to respond after receiving IC.

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Ovarian Ablation Using Goserelin Improves Survival of Premenopausal Patients with Stage II/III Hormone Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer without Chemotherapy-Induced Amenorrhea
Juan Zhou, San-Gang Wu, Jun-Jie Wang, Jia-Yuan Sun, Feng-Yan Li, Qin Lin, Huan-Xin Lin, Zhen-Yu He
Cancer Res Treat. 2015;47(1):55-63.   Published online August 21, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2013.165
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to assess the value of ovarian ablation using goserelin in premenopausal patients with stage II/III hormone receptor-positive breast cancer without chemotherapy-induced amenorrhea (CIA). Materials and Methods We retrospectively reviewed the data of breast patients treated between October 1999 and November 2007 without CIA. The Kaplan-Meier method was used for calculation of the survival rate. Log rank method and Cox regression analysis were used for univariate and multivariate prognostic analysis. Results The median follow-up period was 61 months. Initially, 353 patients remained without CIA after chemotherapy and 98 among those who received goserelin and tamoxifen (TAM). In univariate analysis, goserelin improved locoregional recurrence-free survival (LRFS) (98.9% vs. 94.1%, p=0.041), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) (85.4% vs. 71.9%, p=0.006), disease-free survival (DFS) (85.4% vs. 71.6%, p=0.005), and overall survival (OS) (93.5% vs. 83.5%, p=0.010). In multivariate analysis, goserelin treatment was an independent factor influencing DMFS (hazard ratio [HR], 1.603; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.228 to 2.092; p=0.001), DFS (HR, 1.606; 95% CI, 1.231 to 2.096; p=0.001), and OS (HR, 3.311; 95% CI, 1.416 to 7.742; p=0.006). In addition, treatment with goserelin resulted in significantly improved LRFS (p=0.039), DMFS (p=0.043), DFS (p=0.036), and OS (p=0.010) in patients aged < 40 years. In patients aged ≥ 40 years, goserelin only improved DMFS (p=0.028) and DFS (p=0.027). Conclusion Ovarian ablation with goserelin plus TAM resulted in significantly improved therapeutic efficacy in premenopausal patients with stage II/III hormone receptor-positive breast cancer without CIA.

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Metachronous Double Primary Cancer after Treatment of Breast Cancer
Jin Young Kim, Hong Suk Song
Cancer Res Treat. 2015;47(1):64-71.   Published online October 27, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2013.215
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Purpose
The pattern of double primary cancer after treatment for breast cancer is important for patient survival.
Materials and Methods
We analyzed 108 cases of metachronous double primary cancer in breast cancer patients treated from 1999 to 2012.
Results
Metachronous double primary cancers occurred in 108 of 2,657 patients (4.1%) with breast cancer. The median time to the occurrence of second cancer after diagnosis of the first was 58.4±41.2 months (range, 6.9 to 180.2 months). The most common cancer was thyroid cancer, which occurred in 45 patients (41.7%). This was followed by gastric cancer in 16 patients (14.8%), endometrial cancer in 10 patients (9.3%), and cervical cancer in seven patients (6.5%). The relative risk showed a significant increase in endometrial (4.78; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.66 to 13.79), gastric (2.61; 95% CI, 1.68 to 4.06), and thyroid cancer (1.95; 95% CI, 1.37 to 2.79). At 5 years after diagnosis of breast cancer, secondary cancer occurred in 48 patients (44.4%), with 50.0% of the endometrial, 56.3% of the stomach, and 37.8% of the thyroid cancer cases being diagnosed after 5 years. Median survival after diagnosis of the second cancer was 123.9±11.2 months. The prognosis was mainly influenced by the anatomic site.
Conclusion
The incidence of endometrial, stomach, and thyroid cancer increased significantly after treatment with primary breast cancer, and survival was dependent on early detection and the type of second primary cancer. A prolonged follow-up examination for metachronous double primary cancer is needed to provide early detection and improve survival time in patients with breast cancer.

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Changes in the Mean Corpuscular Volume after Capecitabine Treatment Are Associated with Clinical Response and Survival in Patients with Advanced Gastric Cancer
Hyun Ae Jung, Hyun-Jun Kim, Chi Hoon Maeng, Se Hoon Park, Jeeyun Lee, Joon Oh Park, Young Suk Park, Ho Yeong Lim, Won Ki Kang
Cancer Res Treat. 2015;47(1):72-77.   Published online August 21, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2013.172
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Purpose
Capecitabine is known to increase mean corpuscular volume (MCV). To define the incidence of capecitabine-induced macrocytosis and its association with chemotherapy outcomes, we investigated data of 89 patients with advanced gastric cancer (AGC) who were enrolled in a randomized chemotherapy trial involving capecitabine. Materials and Methods Chemotherapy-naïve AGC patients were treated with capecitabine (1,000 mg/m2/day on days 1-14) plus cisplatin (75 mg/m2 on day 1), with or without epirubicin (50 mg/m2 on day 1). Complete blood counts including MCV were measured at baseline and on day 1 of each 3-week chemotherapy course. Macrocytosis was defined as a MCV increase > 10 fL from baseline. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were used for analysis of the impact of clinical and MCV values on chemotherapy outcomes. Results At baseline, the mean MCV was 88.2 fL (normal range, 80 to 100 fL). During chemotherapy, MCV increased in a dose-dependent manner with a mean increase of 11.3 fL. MCV elevation after capecitabine treatment in 74 patients (90%) and 44 patients (42%) developed macrocytosis. Results of multivariate analysis showed that development of macrocytosis was independent of baseline hemoglobin level, liver metastasis, performance status, or liver function. The number of chemotherapy cycles showed strong association with development of macrocytosis and hematologic adverse events. In addition, a significant association was observed between macrocytosis and clinical response or survival. Conclusion Macrocytosis developed with more frequent and prolonged use of capecitabine. It is possible that association with treatment outcomes warrants further investigation.

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Identification of Hypoxanthine and Phosphoenolpyruvic Acid as Serum Markers of Chemoradiotherapy Response in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer
Kun Kim, Seung-Gu Yeo, Byong Chul Yoo
Cancer Res Treat. 2015;47(1):78-89.   Published online August 21, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2013.127
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Purpose
Patients show variable responses to chemoradiotherapy (CRT), which is generally administered before surgery for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). The aim of this study was to identify molecular markers predictive of CRT responses by analysis of low-mass ions (LMIs) in serum of LARC patients. Materials and Methods LMIs (< 1,000 m/z) in serum obtained before CRT from 73 LARC (cT3-4) patients were profiled using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. LMIs with higher weighting factors in discriminating CRT responses were selected using principal components analysis and discriminant analysis. Selected LMIs were identified using the Human Metabolome Database. The concentrations of identified LMIs were determined by colorimetric enzyme assay, and compared according to post-CRT pathological stage (ypStage) or Dworak’s tumor regression grade (TRG). Results The nine highest-ranking LMIs were selected. Among them, two LMIs with 137.08 and 169.04 m/z were identified as hypoxanthine (HX) and phosphoenolpyruvic acid (PEP), respectively. Higher HX concentration was observed in patients with ypStage 0-1 compared to ypStage 2-4 (p=0.034) or ypStage 3-4 (p=0.030); a similar difference was observed between TRG 4-3 and TRG 1 (p=0.035). HX > 16.0 μM showed significant association with ypStage 0-1 or TRG 4-3 than ypStage 3-4 (p=0.009) or TRG 1 (p=0.024), respectively. In contrast, a significantly lower concentration of PEP was observed in TRG 4-3 compared with TRG 2-1 (p=0.012). Conclusion Findings of this study demonstrated that serum concentrations of HX and PEP, identified using LMI profiling, may be useful for predicting the CRT response of LARC patients before treatment.

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Synergistic Effect of Sulindac and Simvastatin on Apoptosis in Lung Cancer A549 Cells through AKT-Dependent Downregulation of Survivin
Young-Suk Kim, Chang-Hwan Seol, Jae-Wan Jung, Su-Jin Oh, Ki-Eun Hwang, Hwi-Jung Kim, Eun-Taik Jeong, Hak-Ryul Kim
Cancer Res Treat. 2015;47(1):90-100.   Published online October 27, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2013.194
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Purpose
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and statins are potential chemopreventive or chemotherapeutic agents. The mechanism underlying the deregulation of survivin by NSAIDs and statins in human non-small cell lung cancer cells has not been elucidated. In this study, we investigated the synergistic interaction of sulindac and simvastatin in lung cancer A549 cells.
Materials and Methods
Cell viability was measured by an MTT assay, while the expression of apoptotic markers, AKT, and survivin in response to sulindac and simvastatin was examined by Western blotting. DNA fragmentation by apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry in A549 cells. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was measured by flow cytometry using H2DCFDA and MitoSOX Red, and the effects of pretreatment with N-acetylcysteine were tested. The effects of AKT on survivin expression in sulindac- and simvastatin-treated cells were assessed. Survivin was knocked down or overexpressed to determine its role in apoptosis induced by sulindac and simvastatin.
Results
Sulindac and simvastatin synergistically augmented apoptotic activity and intracellular ROS production in A549 cells. Inhibition of AKT by siRNA or LY294002 inhibited survivin, while AKT overexpression markedly increased survivin expression, even in the presence of sulindac and simvastatin. Moreover, survivin siRNA enhanced sulindac- and simvastatininduced apoptosis. In contrast, survivin upregulation protected against sulindac- and simvastatin-induced apoptosis.
Conclusion
Combined treatment with sulindac and simvastatin augmented their apoptotic potential in lung cancer cells through AKT signaling-dependent downregulation of survivin. These results indicate that sulindac and simvastatin may be clinically promising therapies for the prevention of lung cancer.

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TGF-β Suppresses COX-2 Expression by Tristetraprolin-Mediated RNA Destabilization in A549 Human Lung Cancer Cells
Soyeong Kang, Ahrum Min, Seock-Ah Im, Sang-Hyun Song, Sang Gyun Kim, Hyun-Ah Kim, Hee-Jun Kim, Do-Youn Oh, Hyun-Soon Jong, Tae-You Kim, Yung-Jue Bang
Cancer Res Treat. 2015;47(1):101-109.   Published online October 22, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2013.192
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Purpose
Overexpression of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) is thought to promote survival of transformed cells. Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) exerts anti-proliferative effects on a broad range of epithelial cells. In the current study, we investigated whether TGF-β can regulate COX-2 expression in A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cells, which are TGF-β-responsive and overexpress COX-2.
Materials and Methods
Western blotting, Northern blotting, and mRNA stability assays were performed to demonstrate that COX-2 protein and mRNA expression were suppressed by TGF-β. We also evaluated the effects of tristetraprolin (TTP) on COX-2 mRNA using RNA interference.
Results
We demonstrated that COX-2 mRNA and protein expression were both significantly suppressed by TGF-β. An actinomycin D chase experiment demonstrated that COX-2 mRNA was more rapidly degraded in the presence of TGF-β, suggesting that TGF-β–induced inhibition of COX-2 expression is achieved via decreased mRNA stability. We also found that TGF-β rapidly and transiently induced the expression of TTP, a well-known mRNA destabilizing factor, before suppression of COX-2 mRNA expression was observed. Using RNA interference, we confirmed that increased TTP levels play a pivotal role in the destabilization of COX-2 mRNA by TGF-β. Furthermore, we showed that Smad3 is essential to TTP-dependent down-regulation of COX-2 expression in response to TGF-β.
Conclusion
The results of this study show that TGF-β down-regulated COX-2 expression via mRNA destabilization mediated by Smad3/TTP in A549 cells.

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  • Low tristetraprolin expression promotes cell proliferation and predicts poor patients outcome in pancreatic cancer
    Zi-Ran Wei, Chao Liang, Dan Feng, Ya-Jun Cheng, Wei-Min Wang, De-Jun Yang, Yue-Xiang Wang, Qing-Ping Cai
    Oncotarget.2016; 7(14): 17737.     CrossRef
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Case Reports
Bilateral Internal Auditory Canal Metastasis of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Chang-Hee Kim, Jung Eun Shin, Hee Joung Kim, Kye Young Lee
Cancer Res Treat. 2015;47(1):110-114.   Published online August 28, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2013.079
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
We report on a patient with brain metastasis involving bilateral internal auditory canal from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). A 49-year-old woman who had been diagnosed with NSCLC (T2aN1M0) complained of persistent vertigo and bilateral tinnitus for three months. The patient had refused all treatments, including surgery and chemotherapy; however, she sought alternative medicine. The patient’s hearing loss showed rapid progression bilaterally, and rotatory vertigo with peripheral-type nystagmus developed. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed irregular nodular enhancement within both internal auditory canals with leptomeningeal enhancement and multiple intracranial metastasis. The patient was treated with epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor, and the tumor showed partial response. This was a rare case of multiple brain metastases involving bilateral internal auditory canal from known NSCLC presenting with vertigo and hearing loss.

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  • Direction-changing spontaneous nystagmus in cerebellopontine angle tumour
    Hamin Jeong, Dong-Han Lee, Jung Eun Shin, Chang-Hee Kim
    Journal of Clinical Neuroscience.2022; 95: 118.     CrossRef
  • Ear and Labyrinth Toxicities Induced by Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Disproportionality Analysis from 2014 to 2019
    Fangyuan Hu, Xiaofei Ye, Yinghong Zhai, Jinfang Xu, Xiaojing Guo, Zhijian Guo, Xiang Zhou, Yiming Ruan, YongLong Zhuang, Jia He
    Immunotherapy.2020; 12(7): 531.     CrossRef
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  • 3 Web of Science
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Long-Term Survival after T-cell Lymphoblastic Lymphoma Treated with One Cycle of Hyper-CVAD Regimen
Il Hwan Ryu, In Sung Cho, Ah Jeong Ryu, Min Gyu Kim, Jae Woong Jeon, Joo Seok Kim, Jae Joon Lee, Ji Wook Choi, Dong Wook Kang
Cancer Res Treat. 2015;47(1):115-119.   Published online August 25, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2013.122
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
T-lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-LBL) is a rare form of aggressive non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. The standard approach for management of T-LBL involves intensive multiagent chemotherapy regimens for induction and consolidation phases with central nervous system prophylaxis and a maintenance phase lasting 12-18 months. We report on a case of long-term survival after one cycle of hyperfractionated cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, and dexamethasone (hyper-CVAD) and high-dose methotrexate. A 30-year-old woman diagnosed with T-LBL with a large mediastinal mass underwent one cycle of hyper-CVAD. Four days after the start of treatment, the mediastinal mass was markedly reduced. Treatment continued with one cycle of consolidation chemotherapy, comprising high-dose methotrexate and high-dose cytarabine. The patient then refused all further chemotherapeutic treatment. Seven years have passed without relapse.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • An aberrant presentation of non-hodgkin’s lymphoma as pus: A curious journey
    Mayur Devraj, Chaitanya Kappagantu, Sushma Dugad, Ravidra Shinde, Komal Shah
    IP Indian Journal of Immunology and Respiratory Medicine.2023; 7(4): 173.     CrossRef
  • The Neutrophil to Lymphocyte and Lymphocyte to Monocyte Ratios as New Prognostic Factors in Hematological Malignancies – A Narrative Review


    Paulina Stefaniuk, Agnieszka Szymczyk, Monika Podhorecka
    Cancer Management and Research.2020; Volume 12: 2961.     CrossRef
  • T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma involving the ocular adnexa: report of two cases and review of the current literature
    Lucy Sun, Alan H. Friedman, Rand Rodgers, Matthew Schear, Giovanni Greaves, Kathryn B. Freidl
    Orbit.2019; 38(5): 412.     CrossRef
  • Effectiveness of modified hyper‐CVAD chemotherapy regimen in the treatment of adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a retrospective experience
    Hasan Jalaeikhoo, Mohsen Rajaeinejad, Manoutchehr Keyhani, Mohammad Zokaasadi, Mohammad Mehdi Dehghani Firoozabadi
    Cancer Medicine.2018; 7(3): 594.     CrossRef
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  • 3 Web of Science
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MET-Amplified Intramucosal Gastric Cancer Widely Metastatic after Complete Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection
Dakeun Lee, Young Chul Kim, Kee Myung Lee, Joon-Kee Yoon, Young-Bae Kim
Cancer Res Treat. 2015;47(1):120-125.   Published online August 25, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2013.137
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Intramucosal gastric cancer (IGC) is associated with a very low risk of lymph node metastasis; thus it is the main candidate for minimally invasive surgical procedures, such as endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). Herein, we document an extraordinary case of IGC, which showed a very aggressive clinical course. A 66-year-old female underwent ESD for early gastric cancer. Histologically, the tumor consisted mainly of moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma measuring 1.6 cm in diameter, and the tumor was confined to the mucosa. Despite annual esophagogastroduodenoscopic follow-up, the tumor recurred, with wide metastasis to multiple lymph nodes and bones throughout the body after three years. Fluorescence in situ hybridization study demonstrated MET gene amplification as well as low grade polysomy 7 in both original and recurrent tumors. The clinical characteristics of metastatic IGCs and the implication of MET amplification are discussed.

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  • MicroRNA signatures associated with lymph node metastasis in intramucosal gastric cancer
    Seokhwi Kim, Won Jung Bae, Ji Mi Ahn, Jin-Hyung Heo, Kyoung-Mee Kim, Kyeong Woon Choi, Chang Ohk Sung, Dakeun Lee
    Modern Pathology.2021; 34(3): 672.     CrossRef
  • 9,891 View
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  • 1 Web of Science
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