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Volume 44(4); December 2012
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Original Articles
Increasing Trend of Colorectal Cancer Incidence in Korea, 1999-2009
Aesun Shin, Kyee-Zu Kim, Kyu-Won Jung, Sohee Park, Young-Joo Won, Jeongseon Kim, Dae Yong Kim, Jae Hwan Oh
Cancer Res Treat. 2012;44(4):219-226.   Published online December 31, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2012.44.4.219
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
PURPOSE
This study was conducted in order to demonstrate changing trends in colorectal cancer incidence according to sex, age group, and anatomical location in the Korean population.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Data from the Korea Central Cancer Registry between 1999 and 2009 were analyzed. Annual percent changes (APCs) of sex- and age-specific incidence rates for cancer of the proximal colon (International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th revision [ICD-10] code C18.0-18.5), distal colon (C18.6-18.7), and rectum (C19-20), and male-to-female incidence rate ratios (IRR) were calculated.
RESULTS
The age-standardized incidence rate (ASR) of colorectal cancer was 27 (per 100,000) in 1999 and increased to 50.2 in 2009 among men (APC, 6.6%). The ASR for women was 17.2 in 1999 and 26.9 in 2009 (APC, 5.1%). The rectum was the most common site of cancer among both men and women during 1999 and 2009. However, the distal colon had the highest APC (10.8% among men and 8.4% among women), followed by the proximal colon (7.9% among men and 6.6% among women), and rectum (5.2% among men and 2.4% among women). The proportion of rectal cancer decreased from 51.5% in 1999 to 47.1% in 2009 among men, and from 50.5% to 42.8% among women. An increase in the male-to-female IRR was observed for distal colon cancer and rectal cancer, whereas the IRR for proximal colon cancer was stable.
CONCLUSION
The rapid increase in colorectal cancer incidence is mainly attributed to the increase in colon cancer, especially distal colon cancer, and may be explained by a transition of risk factors for subsites or by the effect of colorectal cancer screening.

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Definitive Radiotherapy versus Postoperative Radiotherapy for Tonsil Cancer
Tae Ryool Koo, Hong-Gyun Wu, J. Hun Hah, Myung-Whun Sung, Kwang-Hyun Kim, Bhumsuk Keam, Tae Min Kim, Se-Hoon Lee, Dong-Wan Kim, Dae-Seog Heo, Charn Il Park
Cancer Res Treat. 2012;44(4):227-234.   Published online December 31, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2012.44.4.227
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
PURPOSE
The purpose of this study is to analyze treatment outcome of radiotherapy (RT) in patients with stage III-IV tonsil cancer managed by surgery followed by postoperative RT (SRT) and definitive chemoradiotherapy (CRT), and to thereby evaluate the most feasible treatment modality.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Of 124 patients, 67 underwent CRT, and 57 underwent SRT. We compared survival and complication rates in both groups.
RESULTS
The median follow-up time was 57 months (range, 19 to 255 months) for surviving patients. At five years, locoregional progression-free survival (LRPFS) and overall survival (OS) were 88% and 80%, respectively. No significant difference in LRPFS (p=0.491) and OS (p=0.177) was observed between CRT and SRT. In multivariate analysis, old age and higher T stage showed a significant association with poor LRPFS, PFS, and OS; higher N stage showed an association with poor PFS and a trend of poor LRPFS, while no association with OS was observed; treatment modality (CRT and SRT) showed no association with LRFPS, PFS, and OS. Grade 3 or higher mucositis was observed in 12 patients (21%) in the SRT group, and 25 patients (37%) in the CRT group.
CONCLUSION
Definitive CRT and SRT have similar treatment outcomes for patients with stage III-IV tonsil cancer. Although acute complication rate appears to be higher in the CRT group, it should be noted that not all data on complications were included in this retrospective study. To determine the most feasible treatment modality, not only mucositis and xerostomia, but also emotional aspect and quality of life, should be considered.

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Outcomes of Third-Line Docetaxel-Based Chemotherapy in Advanced Gastric Cancer Who Failed Previous Oxaliplatin-Based and Irinotecan-Based Chemotherapies
Min Jeong Lee, In Gyu Hwang, Joung-Soon Jang, Jin Hwa Choi, Byeong-Bae Park, Myung Hee Chang, Seung Tae Kim, Se Hoon Park, Myoung Hee Kang, Jung Hun Kang
Cancer Res Treat. 2012;44(4):235-241.   Published online December 31, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2012.44.4.235
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
PURPOSE
Little is known about outcomes in the use of third-line chemotherapy in cases of advanced gastric cancer (AGC). The primary aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate outcomes of docetaxel-based chemotherapy in patients with AGC that progressed after both oxaliplatin-based and irinotecan-based regimens.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Eligible patients were those with AGC who had previous chemotherapy including fluoropyrimidine and oxaliplatin as well as fluoropyrimidine and irinotecan and who received subsequent docetaxel-based chemotherapy. Thirty-five patients were retrospectively recruited from 5 medical centers in Korea. Patients received either weekly or 3 weekly with docetaxel +/- cisplatin.
RESULTS
Thirty-one out of 35 patients were evaluated for treatment response. A total of 94 cycles of chemotherapy (median, 2; range, 1 to 7) were administered. The overall response rate was 14.3%, and the disease control rate was 45.7%. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 1.9 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1 to 2.7 months). The median overall survival (OS) was 3.6 months (95% CI, 2.8 to 4.4 months). PFS and OS were significantly prolonged in patients of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group, with performance status of 0 or 1 in multivariate analysis (PFS: hazard ratio[HR], 0.411; 95% CI, 0.195 to 0.868; p=0.020 and OS: HR, 0.390; 95% CI, 0.184 to 0.826; p=0.014, respectively). Four of the 35 patients enrolled in the study died due to infection associated with neutropenia.
CONCLUSION
Our findings suggest that salvage docetaxel-based chemotherapy is a feasible treatment option for AGC patients with good performance status (PS), whereas chemotherapy for patients with poor PS (PS< or =2) should be undertaken with caution for those who previously failed oxaliplatin- and irinotecan-based regimens.

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Influence of Comorbidities on the Efficacy of Radiotherapy with or without Chemotherapy in Elderly Stage III Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patients
Joo Ho Lee, Hong-Gyun Wu, Hak Jae Kim, Dong-Wan Kim, Se-Hoon Lee, Tae Min Kim, Young Whan Kim, Dae Seog Heo
Cancer Res Treat. 2012;44(4):242-250.   Published online December 31, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2012.44.4.242
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
PURPOSE
The current study was conducted in order to evaluate the clinical outcome of radical radiotherapy (RT) with or without chemotherapy for elderly patients with stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Between 1990 and 2010, 125 patients, aged 70 years or more, received radical RT with or without chemotherapy for treatment of stage III NSCLC. We reviewed the patients' prognostic factors, including comorbidities. Comorbidity status was evaluated using a simplified comorbidity score (SCS). Of the patients reviewed, 82 received radical RT alone, whereas the other 43 patients underwent chemoradiotherapy (CRT). A platinum-based chemotherapy regimen was most commonly used (42/43).
RESULTS
The two-year overall-survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) rates were 32.2% and 21.8%, respectively. SCS was the independent prognostic factor for OS. In the frail elderly subgroup with a SCS of > or =10, CRT demonstrated a significant difference in PFS, but not in OS. In contrast, OS and PFS following CRT were significantly superior to RT in the fit elderly subgroup with a SCS of <10. The incidence of severe pulmonary toxicities in the frail elderly subgroup was significantly higher than that in the fit elderly subgroup.
CONCLUSION
Multiple comorbidities evaluated according to the SCS are related to poor OS in elderly patients with stage III NSCLC. CRT improved clinical outcome when compared to RT in the fit elderly subgroup, however, the gain from this treatment was negated in the frail elderly subgroup with multiple comorbidities. Therefore, evaluation of comorbidity is necessary in order to determine whether chemotherapy should be combined with RT in elderly patients with stage III NSCLC.

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The Blocking of c-Met Signaling Induces Apoptosis through the Increase of p53 Protein in Lung Cancer
Hae-Yun Jung, Hyun-Jung Joo, Jong Kuk Park, Yeul Hong Kim
Cancer Res Treat. 2012;44(4):251-261.   Published online December 31, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2012.44.4.251
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
PURPOSE
c-Met is an attractive potential target for novel therapeutic inhibition of human cancer, and c-Met tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are effective growth inhibitors of various malignancies. However, their mechanisms in anticancer effects are not clear. In the present study, we investigated the possibility that blocking c-Met signaling induces p53-mediated growth inhibition in lung cancer.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The growth inhibitory effects of c-Met TKI (SU11274) on lung cancer cells and a xenograft model were assessed using the MTT assay, flow cytometry, and terminal deoxyribonucleotide transferase-mediated nick-end labeling staining. The role of p53 protein in the sensitivity of c-Met TKI (SU11274) was examined by Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry.
RESULTS
SU11274 significantly induced apoptosis in A549 cells with wild-type p53, compared with that in Calu-1 cells with null-type p53. SU11274 increased p53 protein by enhancing the stability of p53 protein. Increased p53 protein by SU11274 induced up-regulation of Bax and PUMA expression and down-regulation of Bcl-2 expression, subsequently activating caspase 3. In p53 knock-out and knock-in systems, we confirmed that SU11274 caused apoptosis through the p53-mediated apoptotic pathway. Likewise, in the A549 xenograft model, SU11274 effectively shrank tumor volume and induced apoptosis via increased p53 protein expression. Blocking c-Met signaling increased the level of p53 protein.
CONCLUSION
Our finding suggested that p53 plays an important role in SU11274-induced apoptosis, and p53 status seems to be related to the sensitivity to SU11274 in lung cancer.

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CD10 Is Again Expressed at a Certain Stage during the Neoplastic Process of Bladder Transitional Cell Carcinomas
Tae Jung Jang
Cancer Res Treat. 2012;44(4):262-266.   Published online December 31, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2012.44.4.262
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
PURPOSE
CD10, a membrane-bound zinc-dependent metallopeptidase, is normally expressed in many tissues. Accordingly, the derangement of CD10 expression may be related to development or progression in a variety of tumors. The aim of this study is to examine any association between CD10 expression and clinicopathological parameters in bladder transitional cell carcinomas (TCCs) and the relationship between expression of E-cadherin and CD10.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Immunohistochemical staining was performed for CD10 and E-cadherin in tissues of 94 TCCs and 10 non-neoplastic bladder mucosa.
RESULTS
Positive immunoreactivity for CD10 was observed in non-neoplastic urothelium at a proportion of 80% and TCCs were observed at a rate of 23%. A positive rate of CD10 expression was observed in 10% of total cases of a low grade tumor and in 35% of those of a high grade tumor. It was also observed in 15% of pTa tumors, 13% of pT1 tumors, and 48% of pT2 tumors. In addition, CD10 expression showed reciprocal correlation with expression of membranous E-cadherin in tumors.
CONCLUSION
CD10 is again expressed at a certain stage during the neoplastic process of TCCs and could play some roles intheir carcinogenesis.

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    Sushil Kumar Shukla, Smita Chandra, Neena Chauhan, Rajeev Sarpal
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Case Reports
A Case of Locally Advanced Breast Cancer Complicated by Pulmonary Tumor Thrombotic Microangiopathy
Hak Jin Kim, Mi Hyang Kwak, Sun-Young Kong, Moon-Woo Seong, Han-Sung Kang, Keun Seok Lee, Jungsil Ro
Cancer Res Treat. 2012;44(4):267-270.   Published online December 31, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2012.44.4.267
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Pulmonary tumor thrombotic microangiopathy (PTTM) is a rare, malignancy-related complication that causes marked pulmonary hypertension, right heart failure, and death. We report on a patient with locally advanced breast cancer whose course was complicated by fatal PTTM based on clinical and laboratory findings.

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    Case Reports in Pulmonology.2013; 2013: 1.     CrossRef
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Poorly Differentiated Neuroendocrine Carcinoma in a Perigastric Lymph Node from an Unknown Primary Site
Hee Seung Lee, Hye-Suk Han, Sung-Nam Lim, Hyun-Jung Jeon, Ho-chang Lee, Ok-Jun Lee, Hyo Young Yun, Ki Hyeong Lee, Seung Taik Kim
Cancer Res Treat. 2012;44(4):271-274.   Published online December 31, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2012.44.4.271
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Neuroendocrine carcinomas from an unknown primary site are uncommon. The authors report on a case of neuroendocrine carcinoma in a perigastric lymph node (LN) with no primary site. A 52-year-old male patient with early gastric adenocarcinoma underwent treatment by endoscopic submucosal dissection, and, six months later, findings on a computed tomographic scan of the abdomen revealed a LN enlargement measuring 2.0 cm in the perigastric region. The patient underwent subtotal gastrectomy and regional LN dissection under a suggestive preoperative diagnosis of gastric adenocarcinoma with LN metastasis. However, microscopically, no residual tumor was found in the stomach, and the perigastric LN showed poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma (PDNEC). After an extensive workup, no primary site was identified. The patient also received four cycles of etoposide and cisplatin. Despite its extremely rare incidence, this case suggests that PDNEC of an unknown primary site is limited to a single site, and that resection should be considered in combination with chemotherapy.

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Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma in The External Auditory Canal: A Case Report
Jae Ho Chung, Seung Hwan Lee, Chul Won Park, Kyung Tae
Cancer Res Treat. 2012;44(4):275-278.   Published online December 31, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2012.44.4.275
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma in the external auditory canal is extremely rare. Strategies used for treatment of mucoepidermoid carcinoma remain controversial. We present a case of mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the external auditory canal. The patient underwent lateral temporal bone resection and the surgical defect was obliterated with temporal muscle. He is currently disease-free, four years after surgery. Proper diagnostic measures and strategy for treatment of mucoepidermoid carcinoma are discussed.

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    Priyadharsini Nagarajan
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  • Salivary mucoepidermoid carcinoma revisited
    Andrés Coca-Pelaz, Juan P. Rodrigo, Asterios Triantafyllou, Jennifer L. Hunt, Alessandra Rinaldo, Primož Strojan, Missak Haigentz, William M. Mendenhall, Robert P. Takes, Vincent Vander Poorten, Alfio Ferlito
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    Sampath Chandra Prasad, Flavia D’Orazio, Marimar Medina, Andrea Bacciu, Mario Sanna
    Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery.2014; 22(2): 154.     CrossRef
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Correspondences
Commentary on "A Case of Erdheim-Chester Disease with Asymptomatic Renal Involvement"
Gioacchino Li Cavoli
Cancer Res Treat. 2012;44(4):279-279.   Published online December 31, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2012.44.4.279
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
No abstract available.

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  • Metformin

    Reactions Weekly.2013; 1476(1): 23.     CrossRef
  • Reply to Commentary on "A Case of Erdheim-Chester Disease with Asymptomatic Renal Involvement"
    Hyun Jung Lee, Tae Min Kim
    Cancer Research and Treatment.2012; 44(4): 280.     CrossRef
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Reply to Commentary on "A Case of Erdheim-Chester Disease with Asymptomatic Renal Involvement"
Hyun Jung Lee, Tae Min Kim
Cancer Res Treat. 2012;44(4):280-280.   Published online December 31, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2012.44.4.280
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
No abstract available.

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  • Enfermedad de Erdheim-Chester: fractura patológica de húmero izquierdo
    Luis Gómez, Camilo Soto, Felipe Criollo, Óscar Messa, Ricardo Romo, Irene Patrón
    Revista Colombiana de Cancerología.2014; 18(3): 143.     CrossRef
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  • 53 Download
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