PURPOSE This study was conducted in order to demonstrate changing trends in colorectal cancer incidence according to sex, age group, and anatomical location in the Korean population. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data from the Korea Central Cancer Registry between 1999 and 2009 were analyzed. Annual percent changes (APCs) of sex- and age-specific incidence rates for cancer of the proximal colon (International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th revision [ICD-10] code C18.0-18.5), distal colon (C18.6-18.7), and rectum (C19-20), and male-to-female incidence rate ratios (IRR) were calculated. RESULTS The age-standardized incidence rate (ASR) of colorectal cancer was 27 (per 100,000) in 1999 and increased to 50.2 in 2009 among men (APC, 6.6%). The ASR for women was 17.2 in 1999 and 26.9 in 2009 (APC, 5.1%). The rectum was the most common site of cancer among both men and women during 1999 and 2009. However, the distal colon had the highest APC (10.8% among men and 8.4% among women), followed by the proximal colon (7.9% among men and 6.6% among women), and rectum (5.2% among men and 2.4% among women). The proportion of rectal cancer decreased from 51.5% in 1999 to 47.1% in 2009 among men, and from 50.5% to 42.8% among women. An increase in the male-to-female IRR was observed for distal colon cancer and rectal cancer, whereas the IRR for proximal colon cancer was stable. CONCLUSION The rapid increase in colorectal cancer incidence is mainly attributed to the increase in colon cancer, especially distal colon cancer, and may be explained by a transition of risk factors for subsites or by the effect of colorectal cancer screening.
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Clinical Practice of Surveillance Colonoscopy according to the Classification of Colorectal Intraepithelial Neoplasia in Korea: High-grade Dysplasia/CarcinomaIn SituVersus Intramucosal Carcinoma Sung Pil Hong, Tae Il Kim, Hyun Gun Kim, Hyun-Soo Kim, Seong-Eun Kim, Kyu Chan Huh, Jeong Eun Shin, Jae Myung Cha, Suck-Ho Lee Intestinal Research.2013; 11(4): 276. CrossRef
Incidence of cervical, endometrial, and ovarian cancer in Korea, 1999-2010 Myong Cheol Lim, Eun-Kyeong Moon, Aesun Shin, Kyu-Won Jung, Young-Joo Won, Sang Soo Seo, Sokbom Kang, Jae-Weon Kim, Joo-Young Kim, Sang-Yoon Park Journal of Gynecologic Oncology.2013; 24(4): 298. CrossRef
Short-term and long-term outcome after laparoscopic elective radical rectal cancer resection in octogenarians: is it really a safe procedure? Jiae Park, Seok In Seo, Duk-Won Hwang, Ho Suk Lee Korean Journal of Clinical Oncology.2013; 9(2): 148. CrossRef
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Tae Ryool Koo, Hong-Gyun Wu, J. Hun Hah, Myung-Whun Sung, Kwang-Hyun Kim, Bhumsuk Keam, Tae Min Kim, Se-Hoon Lee, Dong-Wan Kim, Dae-Seog Heo, Charn Il Park
Cancer Res Treat. 2012;44(4):227-234. Published online December 31, 2012
PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to analyze treatment outcome of radiotherapy (RT) in patients with stage III-IV tonsil cancer managed by surgery followed by postoperative RT (SRT) and definitive chemoradiotherapy (CRT), and to thereby evaluate the most feasible treatment modality. MATERIALS AND METHODS Of 124 patients, 67 underwent CRT, and 57 underwent SRT. We compared survival and complication rates in both groups. RESULTS The median follow-up time was 57 months (range, 19 to 255 months) for surviving patients. At five years, locoregional progression-free survival (LRPFS) and overall survival (OS) were 88% and 80%, respectively. No significant difference in LRPFS (p=0.491) and OS (p=0.177) was observed between CRT and SRT. In multivariate analysis, old age and higher T stage showed a significant association with poor LRPFS, PFS, and OS; higher N stage showed an association with poor PFS and a trend of poor LRPFS, while no association with OS was observed; treatment modality (CRT and SRT) showed no association with LRFPS, PFS, and OS.
Grade 3 or higher mucositis was observed in 12 patients (21%) in the SRT group, and 25 patients (37%) in the CRT group. CONCLUSION Definitive CRT and SRT have similar treatment outcomes for patients with stage III-IV tonsil cancer.
Although acute complication rate appears to be higher in the CRT group, it should be noted that not all data on complications were included in this retrospective study. To determine the most feasible treatment modality, not only mucositis and xerostomia, but also emotional aspect and quality of life, should be considered.
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PURPOSE Little is known about outcomes in the use of third-line chemotherapy in cases of advanced gastric cancer (AGC). The primary aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate outcomes of docetaxel-based chemotherapy in patients with AGC that progressed after both oxaliplatin-based and irinotecan-based regimens. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eligible patients were those with AGC who had previous chemotherapy including fluoropyrimidine and oxaliplatin as well as fluoropyrimidine and irinotecan and who received subsequent docetaxel-based chemotherapy.
Thirty-five patients were retrospectively recruited from 5 medical centers in Korea. Patients received either weekly or 3 weekly with docetaxel +/- cisplatin. RESULTS Thirty-one out of 35 patients were evaluated for treatment response. A total of 94 cycles of chemotherapy (median, 2; range, 1 to 7) were administered. The overall response rate was 14.3%, and the disease control rate was 45.7%. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 1.9 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1 to 2.7 months).
The median overall survival (OS) was 3.6 months (95% CI, 2.8 to 4.4 months). PFS and OS were significantly prolonged in patients of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group, with performance status of 0 or 1 in multivariate analysis (PFS: hazard ratio[HR], 0.411; 95% CI, 0.195 to 0.868; p=0.020 and OS: HR, 0.390; 95% CI, 0.184 to 0.826; p=0.014, respectively). Four of the 35 patients enrolled in the study died due to infection associated with neutropenia. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that salvage docetaxel-based chemotherapy is a feasible treatment option for AGC patients with good performance status (PS), whereas chemotherapy for patients with poor PS (PS< or =2) should be undertaken with caution for those who previously failed oxaliplatin- and irinotecan-based regimens.
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PURPOSE The current study was conducted in order to evaluate the clinical outcome of radical radiotherapy (RT) with or without chemotherapy for elderly patients with stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Between 1990 and 2010, 125 patients, aged 70 years or more, received radical RT with or without chemotherapy for treatment of stage III NSCLC. We reviewed the patients' prognostic factors, including comorbidities.
Comorbidity status was evaluated using a simplified comorbidity score (SCS). Of the patients reviewed, 82 received radical RT alone, whereas the other 43 patients underwent chemoradiotherapy (CRT). A platinum-based chemotherapy regimen was most commonly used (42/43). RESULTS The two-year overall-survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) rates were 32.2% and 21.8%, respectively. SCS was the independent prognostic factor for OS. In the frail elderly subgroup with a SCS of > or =10, CRT demonstrated a significant difference in PFS, but not in OS. In contrast, OS and PFS following CRT were significantly superior to RT in the fit elderly subgroup with a SCS of <10. The incidence of severe pulmonary toxicities in the frail elderly subgroup was significantly higher than that in the fit elderly subgroup. CONCLUSION Multiple comorbidities evaluated according to the SCS are related to poor OS in elderly patients with stage III NSCLC. CRT improved clinical outcome when compared to RT in the fit elderly subgroup, however, the gain from this treatment was negated in the frail elderly subgroup with multiple comorbidities. Therefore, evaluation of comorbidity is necessary in order to determine whether chemotherapy should be combined with RT in elderly patients with stage III NSCLC.
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PURPOSE c-Met is an attractive potential target for novel therapeutic inhibition of human cancer, and c-Met tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are effective growth inhibitors of various malignancies. However, their mechanisms in anticancer effects are not clear. In the present study, we investigated the possibility that blocking c-Met signaling induces p53-mediated growth inhibition in lung cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS The growth inhibitory effects of c-Met TKI (SU11274) on lung cancer cells and a xenograft model were assessed using the MTT assay, flow cytometry, and terminal deoxyribonucleotide transferase-mediated nick-end labeling staining. The role of p53 protein in the sensitivity of c-Met TKI (SU11274) was examined by Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS SU11274 significantly induced apoptosis in A549 cells with wild-type p53, compared with that in Calu-1 cells with null-type p53. SU11274 increased p53 protein by enhancing the stability of p53 protein. Increased p53 protein by SU11274 induced up-regulation of Bax and PUMA expression and down-regulation of Bcl-2 expression, subsequently activating caspase 3. In p53 knock-out and knock-in systems, we confirmed that SU11274 caused apoptosis through the p53-mediated apoptotic pathway. Likewise, in the A549 xenograft model, SU11274 effectively shrank tumor volume and induced apoptosis via increased p53 protein expression. Blocking c-Met signaling increased the level of p53 protein. CONCLUSION Our finding suggested that p53 plays an important role in SU11274-induced apoptosis, and p53 status seems to be related to the sensitivity to SU11274 in lung cancer.
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Genetic association analysis of the RTK/ERK pathway with aggressive prostate cancer highlights the potential role of CCND2 in disease progression Yang Chen, Qin Zhang, Qiuyan Wang, Jie Li, Csilla Sipeky, Jihan Xia, Ping Gao, Yanling Hu, Haiying Zhang, Xiaobo Yang, Haitao Chen, Yonghua Jiang, Yuehong Yang, Ziting Yao, Yinchun Chen, Yong Gao, Aihua Tan, Ming Liao, Johanna Schleutker, Jianfeng Xu, Yin Scientific Reports.2017;[Epub] CrossRef
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PURPOSE CD10, a membrane-bound zinc-dependent metallopeptidase, is normally expressed in many tissues.
Accordingly, the derangement of CD10 expression may be related to development or progression in a variety of tumors. The aim of this study is to examine any association between CD10 expression and clinicopathological parameters in bladder transitional cell carcinomas (TCCs) and the relationship between expression of E-cadherin and CD10. MATERIALS AND METHODS Immunohistochemical staining was performed for CD10 and E-cadherin in tissues of 94 TCCs and 10 non-neoplastic bladder mucosa. RESULTS Positive immunoreactivity for CD10 was observed in non-neoplastic urothelium at a proportion of 80% and TCCs were observed at a rate of 23%. A positive rate of CD10 expression was observed in 10% of total cases of a low grade tumor and in 35% of those of a high grade tumor. It was also observed in 15% of pTa tumors, 13% of pT1 tumors, and 48% of pT2 tumors. In addition, CD10 expression showed reciprocal correlation with expression of membranous E-cadherin in tumors. CONCLUSION CD10 is again expressed at a certain stage during the neoplastic process of TCCs and could play some roles intheir carcinogenesis.
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Pulmonary tumor thrombotic microangiopathy (PTTM) is a rare, malignancy-related complication that causes marked pulmonary hypertension, right heart failure, and death. We report on a patient with locally advanced breast cancer whose course was complicated by fatal PTTM based on clinical and laboratory findings.
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