Cancer Research and Treatment

Volume 38(4); December 2006

Review Articles

Tumor Angiogenesis: Initiation and Targeting - Therapeutic Targeting of an FGF-Binding Protein, an Angiogenic Switch Molecule, and Indicator of Early Stages of Gastrointestinal Adenocarcinomas -: Elena Tassi, Anton Wellstein; Cancer Res Treat. 2006;38(4):189-197. Published online December 31, 2006; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2006.38.4.189

Tumor angiogenesis has been related to the initiation as well as progression toward more aggressive behavior of human tumors. In particular, the activity of angiogenic factors is crucial for tumor progression. We previously characterized a secreted fibroblast growth factor-binding protein (FGF-BP) as a chaperone molecule, which binds to various FGFs, enhances FGF-mediated biochemical and biologic events and importantly is a crucial rate-limiting factor for tumor-dependent angiogenesis. We generated monoclonal antibodies that target FGF-BP protein and used them as a tool to evaluate frequency and pattern of FGF-BP expression during the malignant progression of pancreas and colorectal carcinoma in archival tissue samples. We found that FGF-BP is dramatically upregulated during the initiation of colorectal and pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Crucial genetic events underlying the initiation and progression of colorectal and pancreatic adenocarcinoma with a particular focus on the modulation of angiogenesis and antiangiogenic therapies are discussed. We propose that the upregulation of the secreted FGF-BP protein during early phases of pancreas and colon cancer could make this protein a possible serum marker indicating the presence of high-risk premalignant lesions. Furthermore, the biological activity of FGF-BP is neutralized by monoclonal antibodies suggesting the potential for antibody-based therapeutic targeting.

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Discovery of CASP8 as a potential biomarker for high-risk prostate cancer through a high-multiplex immunoassay
Shiqin Liu, Fernando Garcia-Marques, Chiyuan Amy Zhang, Jordan John Lee, Rosalie Nolley, Michelle Shen, En-Chi Hsu, Merve Aslan, Kashyap Koul, Sharon J. Pitteri, James D. Brooks, Tanya Stoyanova
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Chaetocin: A review of its anticancer potentials and mechanisms
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European Journal of Pharmacology.2021; 910: 174459. CrossRef
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European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry.2019; 162: 109. CrossRef
Immune Cell Types and Secreted Factors Contributing to Inflammation-to-Cancer Transition and Immune Therapy Response
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Cell Reports.2019; 26(7): 1965. CrossRef
Angiogenesis for tumor vascular normalization of Endostar on hepatoma 22 tumor-bearing mice is involved in the immune response
Qingyu Xu, Junfei Gu, You Lv, Jiarui Yuan, Nan Yang, Juan Chen, Chunfei Wang, Xuefeng Hou, Xiaobin Jia, Liang Feng, Guowen Yin
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The role of the signaling pathway FGF/FGFR in pancreatic cancer
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Biochemistry (Moscow), Supplement Series B: Biomedical Chemistry.2017; 11(2): 101. CrossRef
Role of fibroblast growth factors in pancreatic cancer
D.A. Gnatenko, E.P. Kopantsev, E.D. Sverdlov
Biomeditsinskaya Khimiya.2016; 62(6): 622. CrossRef
The anticancer effect of Huaier (Review)
XIAOJIN SONG, YAMING LI, HANWEN ZHANG, QIFENG YANG
Oncology Reports.2015; 34(1): 12. CrossRef
The “angiogenetic ladder”, step-wise angiogenesis inhibition in metastatic colorectal cancer
Riccardo Giampieri, Mario Scartozzi, Michela Del Prete, Agnese Fulli, Luca Faloppi, Maristella Bianconi, Elena Maccaroni, Stefano Cascinu
Cancer Treatment Reviews.2014; 40(8): 934. CrossRef
Desmoplasia in Pancreatic Cancer. Can We Fight It?
E. E. Merika, K. N. Syrigos, M. W. Saif
Gastroenterology Research and Practice.2012; 2012: 1. CrossRef
Anti-angiogenic and antitumor activities of Huaier aqueous extract
XIAOLONG WANG, NING ZHANG, QIANG HUO, QIFENG YANG
Oncology Reports.2012; 28(4): 1167. CrossRef
Identification of the Oxidative and Conjugative Enzymes Involved in the Biotransformation of Brivanib
Jiachang Gong, Jinping Gan, Ramaswamy A. Iyer
Drug Metabolism and Disposition.2012; 40(1): 219. CrossRef
Metabolic Chiral Inversion of Brivanib and Its Relevance to Safety and Pharmacology
Jiachang Gong, Jinping Gan, Eric Masson, Shariq Syed, Yuan-Qing Xia, Daphne Williams, Janice Pursley, Mohammed Jemal, W. Griff Humphreys, Ramaswamy A. Iyer
Drug Metabolism and Disposition.2012; 40(12): 2374. CrossRef
Metabolism and Disposition of [14C]Brivanib Alaninate after Oral Administration to Rats, Monkeys, and Humans
Jiachang Gong, Jinping Gan, Janet Caceres-Cortes, Lisa J. Christopher, Vinod Arora, Eric Masson, Daphne Williams, Janice Pursley, Alban Allentoff, Michael Lago, Scott B. Tran, Ramaswamy A. Iyer
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Effects of a Chinese Herbal Health Formula, “Gan-Lu-Yin”, on Angiogenesis
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Tumor Angiogenesis Promoted by Ex vivo Differentiated Endothelial Progenitor Cells Is Effectively Inhibited by an Angiogenesis Inhibitor, TK1-2
Ho-Kyun Oh, Jung-Min Ha, Eunju O, Byung Hun Lee, Suk Keun Lee, Byoung-Shik Shim, Yong-Kil Hong, Young Ae Joe
Cancer Research.2007; 67(10): 4851. CrossRef

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Lapatinib - Overview and Current Role in Metastatic Breast Cancer: Arlene Chan; Cancer Res Treat. 2006;38(4):198-200. Published online December 31, 2006; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2006.38.4.198

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Frontiers in Pharmacology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
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Zhe Li, Sheng‐Sheng Yang, Pei‐Hao Yin, Tao Chang, Lin‐Xiang Shi, Lin Fang, Guo‐En Fang
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Clinical features and outcome of leptomeningeal metastasis in patients with breast cancer: a single center experience
Jae-Cheol Jo, Myoung Joo Kang, Jeong Eun Kim, Jin-Hee Ahn, Kyung Hae Jung, Gyungyub Gong, Hak Hee Kim, Seung Do Ahn, Su Ssan Kim, Byung Ho Son, Sei Hyun Ahn, Sung-Bae Kim
Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology.2013; 72(1): 201. CrossRef
Lapatinib – kezelési lehetőség trastuzumab-rezisztens emlőrákban
Béla Pikó
Magyar Onkológia.2009; 53(4): 369. CrossRef

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Original Articles

Phase II Study of Oxaliplatin, 5-fluorouracil, and Leucovorin in Relapsed or Metastatic Colorectal Cancer as Second Line Therapy: Duk-Joo Lee, Ho-Suk Oh, Jung-Hye Choi, Young-Yeul Lee, In-Soon Kim, Myung-Ju Ahn; Cancer Res Treat. 2006;38(4):201-205. Published online December 31, 2006; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2006.38.4.201

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: Purpose
The purpose of the study was to assess the efficacy and safety of biweekly oxaliplatin in combination with leucovorin (LV)-modulated bolus plus infusion of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in patients with relapsed or metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) as a second line therapy.
Materials and Methods
Between November 2002 and October 2005, 26 patients with histologically confirmed relapsed or metastatic CRC were enrolled. All patients were previously treated with irinotecan-based combination chemotherapy. The chemotherapy regimen consisted of oxaliplatin 85 mg/m² on day 1; LV 200 mg/m² on days 1 and 2; and 5-FU 400 mg/m² bolus IV with 600 mg/m² with a 22-hour infusion on days 1 and 2 every 2 weeks.
Results
The median age of the 26 patients was 50.5 years (range, 31~72). Their metastatic sites included: the liver (42.3%), peritoneum (26.9%), lung (23.1%) and ovary (7.7%). Twenty five patients were evaluated for their response. Four patients achieved partial responses and 15 patients had stable disease. The overall response rate was 16% (95% confidence interval; 1.7~30.3%). The median follow-up duration for the surviving patients was 7.4 months (range, 2.08~21.2). Median overall survival (OS) and 1-year OS rates were 16.7 months and 63.9%, respectively. The most common hematological toxicities were: NCI grade I/II leucopenia (49.3%), grade I/II neutropenia (41%) and grade I/II anemia (65.2%). The main non-hematological toxicities were: grade I/II peripheral neuropathy (16.1% and 21.5%, respectively) and nausea/vomiting (23.6%/18.5%). There was no life-threatening toxicity.
Conclusion
The oxaliplatin, 5-FU and LV combination chemotherapy, scheduled as a biweekly protocol, was effective and well tolerated in the treatment of relapsed or metastatic colorectal cancer patients as second line chemotherapy.

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Gemcitabine Single or Combination Chemotherapy in Post Anthracycline and Taxane Salvage Treatment of Metastatic Breast Cancer: Retrospective Analysis of 124 Patients: Min Kyoung Kim, Sung-Bae Kim, Jin Hee Ahn, Soon Im Lee, Sei-Hyun Ahn, Byung Ho Son, Gyungyub Gong, Hak-Hee Kim, Jung-Shin Lee, Yoon-Koo Kang, Woo Kun Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2006;38(4):206-213. Published online December 31, 2006; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2006.38.4.206

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose

To evaluate the efficacy of gemcitabine-based chemotherapy, particularly in patients with anthracycline- and taxane-pretreated 2^nd-line or greater metastatic breast cancer, and to compare gemcitabine monotherapy (G) with two gemcitabine-based doublets, gemcitabine/vinorelbine (GV) and gemcitabine/capecitabine (GX).

Materials and Methods

Of 124 consecutive patients who progressed after anthracycline- and taxane-containing chemotherapy, 58 received G alone, 38 received GV, and 28 received GX; their outcomes were analyzed retrospectively.

Results

The median number of prior metastatic chemotherapy regimens was 2 (range 0~4). Visceral metastases were observed in 65 patients (51.4%). The overall response rate was 19.3% (21 partial responses). After a median follow-up period of 21.4 months, the overall survival was 7.6 months (95% CI: 5.5~9.6 months) and the median time to progression was 3.1 months (95% CI: 2.0~4.2 months). Compared with monotherapy (G), com - bination therapy with vinorelbine or capecitabine (GV/GX) was associated with a significantly higher response rate (8.2% vs. 28.3%, p=0.008) and a significantly longer median time to progression (2.8 vs. 3.5 months; p=0.028), but overall survival did not differ between the groups (7.4 vs. 8.2 months, respectively; p=0.54). Most of the adverse treatment-related events were mild to moderate in intensity. The most common adverse event was hematologic toxicity. Multivariate analysis showed that poor performance status and a short disease-free interval were independent prognostic factors for impaired overall survival.

Conclusions

The combination of gemcitabine with vinorelbine or capecitabine was an active and well-tolerated treatment option for taxane- and anthracycline-pretreated 2^nd-line or greater metastatic breast cancer patients, and gemcitabine-based doublets were more beneficial than gemcitabine monotherapy in alleviating symptoms for these patients.

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A Systematic Review of Vinorelbine for the Treatment of Breast Cancer
Ying-Chun Xu, Hong-Xia Wang, Lei Tang, Yue Ma, Feng-Chun Zhang
The Breast Journal.2013; 19(2): 180. CrossRef

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An Evaluation of Nutrition Support for Terminal Cancer Patients at Teaching Hospitals in Korea: Do Yeun Kim, Sang Min Lee, Kyoung Eun Lee, Hye Ran Lee, Jee Hyun Kim, Keun-Wook Lee, Jong Seok Lee, Soon Nam Lee; Cancer Res Treat. 2006;38(4):214-217. Published online December 31, 2006; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2006.38.4.214

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose

We wanted to analyze the use of nutrition support for terminal cancer patients, the effect of discussing withdrawal of nutrition support and do-not-resuscitate (DNR) consent on the use of intravenous nutrition during the patient's last week of life and at the time of death.

Materials and Methods

The study involved 362 patients with terminal cancer from four teaching hospitals, and they all died between January 1 2003 and December 31 2005. The basic demographic data, the use of intravenous nutrition during the patient's last week of life and at death, discussion of terminal nutrition withdrawal and DNR consent were evaluated.

Results

In the week before death, the patients received artificial nutrition such as total parenteral nutrition (31%), intravenous albumin infusion (25%), and feeding tube placements (9%). A discussion concerning withdrawal of nutrition support was limited to 25 (7%) patients. DNR consent was obtained from 294 (81%) patients. None of the patients were directly involved in any of these decisions. The discussion about withdrawal of terminal nutrition and DNR consent with the patient's surrogates did not have any effect on reducing the use of parenteral nutrition.

Conclusion

The majority of patients dying of terminal cancer were still given potentially futile nutritional support. Modern clinical guidelines and ethical education about nutritional support at the end of life care is urgently needed in Korean medical practice to provide proper administration of terminal nutrition for end of life care.

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Report of the Lancet Commission on the Value of Death: bringing death back into life
Libby Sallnow, Richard Smith, Sam H Ahmedzai, Afsan Bhadelia, Charlotte Chamberlain, Yali Cong, Brett Doble, Luckson Dullie, Robin Durie, Eric A Finkelstein, Sam Guglani, Melanie Hodson, Bettina S Husebø, Allan Kellehear, Celia Kitzinger, Felicia Marie Kn
The Lancet.2022; 399(10327): 837. CrossRef
A National Study of Life-Sustaining Treatments in South Korea: What Factors Affect Decision-Making?
So-Youn Park, Bomyee Lee, Jeong Yeon Seon, In-Hwan Oh
Cancer Research and Treatment.2021; 53(2): 593. CrossRef
The Trend of Aggressive Treatments in End-of-Life Care for Older People With Dementia After a Policy Change in Taiwan
Ying Hsin Hsu, Ming Yueh Chou, Hsiu-Min Chen, Wei-Cheng Chang, Che Sheng Chu, Yu-Chun Wang, Chiao-Lin Hsu, Chih-Kuang Liang, Ching-Chih Lee, Yu Te Lin
Journal of the American Medical Directors Association.2020; 21(6): 858. CrossRef
Implication of the Life-Sustaining Treatment Decisions Act on End-of-Life Care for Korean Terminal Patients
Jung Sun Kim, Shin Hye Yoo, Wonho Choi, Yejin Kim, Jinui Hong, Min Sun Kim, Hye Yoon Park, Bhumsuk Keam, Dae Seog Heo
Cancer Research and Treatment.2020; 52(3): 917. CrossRef
Nutrition Intervention through Interdisciplinary Medical Treatment in Hospice Patients: From Admission to Death
Hyelim Kang, Yu Jin Yang, Juyeon Park, Gyu Jin Heo, Jeong-Im Hong, Hye-Jin Kim
Clinical Nutrition Research.2018; 7(2): 146. CrossRef
Evidence for overuse of medical services around the world
Shannon Brownlee, Kalipso Chalkidou, Jenny Doust, Adam G Elshaug, Paul Glasziou, Iona Heath, Somil Nagpal, Vikas Saini, Divya Srivastava, Kelsey Chalmers, Deborah Korenstein
The Lancet.2017; 390(10090): 156. CrossRef
A Randomized Phase II Study To Assess the Effectiveness of Fluid Therapy or Intensive Nutritional Support on Survival in Patients with Advanced Cancer Who Cannot be Nourished via Enteral Route
So Yeon Oh, Hyun Jung Jun, Sung Jae Park, In Ki Park, Ga Jin Lim, Yeonsil Yu, Sung-Ja Cho, Aeran Song
Journal of Palliative Medicine.2014; 17(11): 1266. CrossRef
Evaluation of parenteral nutritional support in the surgical and medical wards of a referral teaching hospital
Samaneh Bairami, Sepideh Elyasi, Hossein Khalili, Saeed Reza Jamali-Moghadam
DARU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences.2012;[Epub] CrossRef
Awareness and Attitude Change after End-of-Life Care Education for Medical Students
Hyun Kyung Kim, Eunmi Nam, Kyoung Eun Lee, Soon Nam Lee
The Korean Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care.2012; 15(1): 30. CrossRef
Charactersitics and issues of guideline to withdrawal of a life-sustaining therapy
Younsuck Koh, Dae-Seog Heo, Young Ho Yun, Jeong-Lim Moon, Hyoung Wook Park, Ji Tae Choung, Hyo Sung Jung, Bark Jang Byun, Yoon-Seong Lee
Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2011; 54(7): 747. CrossRef
Nasogastric feeding at the end of life: A virtue ethics approach
Lalit Krishna
Nursing Ethics.2011; 18(4): 485. CrossRef
Chinese Familial Tradition and Western Influence: A Case Study in Singapore on Decision Making at the End of Life
Zheng Jie Marc Ho, Lalit Kumar Radha Krishna, Chung Pheng Alethea Yee
Journal of Pain and Symptom Management.2010; 40(6): 932. CrossRef

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Prognostic Significance of Immunohistochemical Expression of p53 Gene Product in Operable Breast Cancer: Hong Suk Song, Young Rok Do, Sun Hee Kang, Ki Yong Jeong, Yu Sa Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2006;38(4):218-223. Published online December 31, 2006; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2006.38.4.218

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose

The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic significance of the expression of p53 gene product in operable invasive breast cancer by performing immunohistochemical analysis.

Materials and Methods

Between January 1993 and December 2001, 440 operable invasive breast cancer patients underwent immunohistochemical staining for p53, and we retrospectively analyzed these results together with the clinical outcomes.

Results

The overexpression of p53 was detected in 51.6% of the cases. The overexpression of p53 was inversely correlated with lymph node metastasis (p=0.005). The tumor size, tumor histology, histologic grade, hormonal receptor status and tumor stage were not related to the overexpression of p53. Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicate that lymph node metastasis, tumor size and the p53 expression were the significant prognostic factors for overall survival; lymph node metastasis, the estrogen receptor status and the p53 expression were the significant prognostic factors for relapse free survival. On the subgroup analysis, the p53 non-expressors showed better 7-year overall survival (92.7% vs. 76.7%, respectively, p=0.011) and relapse free survival (74.9% vs. 57.8%, respectively, p=0.032) than did the p53 overexpressors for the patients with lymph node metastasis. However, for the patients without lymph node metastasis, the survival rates were not different for both the p53 non-expressors and the p53 overexpressors.

Conclusion

Immunohistochemical staining of the p53 gene product was an independent prognostic factor for predicting survival of the lymph node positive invasive breast cancer patients.

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npj Breast Cancer.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Comparison of histopathological grading and staging of breast cancer with p53-positive and transforming growth factor-beta receptor 2-negative immunohistochemical marker expression cases
PalashKumar Mandal, Anindya Adhikari, Subir Biswas, Amita Giri, Arnab Gupta, Arindam Bhattacharya
Cancer Translational Medicine.2020; 6(2): 30. CrossRef
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Kriti Arora, Ruchee Khandelwal, Hema Pant
Indian Journal of Pathology and Oncology.2020; 7(3): 392. CrossRef
Differential expression of senescence tumour markers and its implications on survival outcomes of breast cancer patients
Rahmawati Pare, Patsy S. Soon, Aashit Shah, Cheok Soon Lee, Aamir Ahmad
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Immunohistochemical expression levels of p53 and eIF4E markers in histologically negative surgical margins, and their association with the clinical outcome of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
JAGTAR SINGH, RAMA JAYARAJ, SIDDHARTHA BAXI, MARIANA MILEVA, JOHN SKINNER, NAVNEET K. DHAND, MAHIBAN THOMAS
Molecular and Clinical Oncology.2016; 4(2): 166. CrossRef
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Kiran Dahiya, Rakesh Dhankhar
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Preethi Sekar, Jyotsna Naresh Bharti, Jitendra Singh Nigam, Ankit Sharma, Priyanka Bhatia Soni
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Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention.2013; 14(8): 4717. CrossRef
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Indian Journal of Surgery.2013; 75(3): 204. CrossRef
Exposure to depleted uranium does not alter the co-expression of HER-2/neu and p53 in breast cancer patients
Mais M Al-Mumen, Asad A Al-Janabi, Alaa S Jumaa, Kaswer M Al-Toriahi, Akeel A Yasseen
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p53 Prevents Immature Escaping from Cell Cycle G2 Checkpoint Arrest through Inhibiting cdk2-dependent NF-Y Phosphorylation: Un-Jung Yun, Heui-Dong Park, Deug Y Shin; Cancer Res Treat. 2006;38(4):224-228. Published online December 31, 2006; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2006.38.4.224

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose

Recent studies have suggested that p53 regulates the G2 checkpoint in the cell cycle and this function is required for the maintenance of genomic integrity. In this study, we addressed a role of p53 in escaping from cell cycle G2 arrest following DNA damage.

Materials and Methods

Cell cycle checkpoint arrest in the human colon cancer cell line HCT116 and its derivatives carry p53 or p21 deletions, were examined by FACS analysis, immunoprecipitation, Western blot and IP-kinase assay.

Results

While the cells with functional p53 were arrested at both the G1 and G2 checkpoints, the p53-deficient cells failed to arrest at G1, but they were arrested at G2. However, the p53-deficient cells failed to sustain G2 checkpoint arrest and they entered mitosis earlier than did the p53-positive cells and so this resulted in extensive cell death. Cdc2 kinase becomes reactivated in p53-deficient cells in association with entry into mitosis, but not in the p53-positive cells. Upon DNA damage, the p21-deficient cells, like the p53-negative cells, not only failed to repress cdk2-dependent NF-Y phosphorylation, but they also failed to repress the expression of such cell cycle G2-regulatory genes as cdc2, cyclin B, RNR-R2 and cdc25C, which have all been previously reported as targets of NF-Y transcription factor.

Conclusions

p53 is essential to prevent immature escaping from cell cycle G2 checkpoint arrest through p21-mediated cdk2 inactivation, and this leads to inhibition of cdk2-dependent NF-Y phosphorylation and NF-Y dependent transcription of the cell cycle G2-rgulatory genes, including cdc2 and cyclin B.

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The NF-Y/p53 liaison: Well beyond repression
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Immortalization and malignant transformation of Eukaryotic cells
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The Effect of Pentoxifylline on Radiobiological Parameters in the Rat Radiation Myelopathy: Won Dong Kim, Woo Yoon Park; Cancer Res Treat. 2006;38(4):229-233. Published online December 31, 2006; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2006.38.4.229

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: Purpose
There is great recent interest in the potential value of using pentoxifylline (3,7-dimethyl-1(5-oxyhexyl)-xanthine, PTX) as an inhibitor of radiation-induced late normal tissue damage. The effects of PTX on the radiobiological parameters (α/β ratio, repair half time T_1/2) of radiation myelopathy were studied in a rat model.
Materials and Methods
Anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats received irradiation to 2 cm of their cervical spines with using a 6MV LINAC (dose rate: 3 Gy/min). Radiation was administered in single, two, four and eight fractions with a fraction interval of 24 h with or without PTX. PTX was added to the rats' distilled drinking water at a concentration of 2 g/L; the water was consumed ad libitum. After tabulation of the ED₅₀ (the estimated dose needed to produce 50% paralysis in a group of irradiated animals), α/β could be estimated from the ratio of the slope to the intercept of the reciprocal-dose plot. Subsequently, the repair half time T_1/2 was obtained from the data of the experimental group that received a pair of 7 Gy fractions on each day, separated by intervals of 4 and 8 h.
Results
The α values calculated for RT alone and RT+ PTX were almost the same. We noticed that the β value for the RT+PTX was lower than that for RT alone. So, the α/β ratio for the RT+PTX was higher. The T_1/2 obtained from monoexponential model was 3.27 and 2.58 h for RT alone and RT+PTX, respectively.
Conclusion
PTX increased the α/β ratio and it decreased the T_1/2 of radiation myelopathy, suggesting that a decreasing fractionation sensitivity occurred. This implies that PTX, which distinctly acts upon the bending region of the high dose, may be expected to protect the spinal cord with a larger fraction size.

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Mouse Orthotopic Lung Cancer Model Induced by PC14PE6: Zheng Yun Cui, Jin Seok Ahn, Jee Yun Lee, Won Seog Kim, Ho Yeong Lim, Hyun Jung Jeon, Soo Won Suh, Jin Hoon Kim, Won Ho Kong, Ji Min Kang, Do Hyun Nam, Keunchil Park; Cancer Res Treat. 2006;38(4):234-239. Published online December 31, 2006; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2006.38.4.234

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Purpose

This study was undertaken to investigate in detail the xenograft mouse orthotopic lung cancer model induced by PC14PE6 adenocarcinoma cells.

Materials and Methods

Three cell doses (0.5×10⁶; 1×10⁶; 2×10⁶) of PC14PE6 cells were injected into the lungs of male BALB/c nude mice by the intrathoracic injection method. The lung and other organs, including brain, liver, spleen, kidney, muscle, adrenal gland, and lymph node on knee, were removed and stained with H/E to detect the presence of tumor cells.

Results

The reliable tumorigenicity time in the PC14PE6 adenocarcinoma cell-inoculated BALB/c nude mouse was 10 days after intrathoracic injection. The average life span of the three groups after inoculation was 14 days in the 2×10⁶ cells inoculum group; 25 days in the 1×10⁶ cells inoculum group; and 32 days in the 0.5×10⁶ cells inoculum group. The PC14PE6 adenocarcinoma cells induced orthotopic lung cancer limited within the thorax.

Conclusions

This orthotopic lung cancer model is an efficient cancer model with easy inoculation methods, rapid and high tumorigenicity, and simple monitoring methods for metastasis.

Citations

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Case Report

Hypersensitivity Reactions to Oxaliplatin: Kyoung-Hwan Lee, Yong Jai Park, Eun Sun Kim, Hui Jeong Hwang, Byoung Yong Shim, Hoon-Kyo Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2006;38(4):240-241. Published online December 31, 2006; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2006.38.4.240

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Oxaliplatin is a third-generation platinum compound that is used as a single agent and in combination with fluorouracil (5-FU) to treat colorectal and gastric carcinoma. The patients treated with oxaliplatin may develop hypersensitivity and idiosyncratic reactions, although these complications are known to be rare. We report here on two patients who suffered with metastatic colorectal cancer and who underwent palliative combination chemotherapy with oxaliplatin; they then developed hypersensitivity reactions to oxaliplatin. The first case had an anaphylatic reaction immediately after the beginning of the 7^th to 8^th cycle infusion of oxaliplatin. The second case developed repeated febrile episodes from the 4^th to 8^th cycles of oxaliplatin infusion. With the increasing use of oxaliplatin in clinical practice, we are now encountering an increasing incidence of suspected hypersensitivity reactions. Physicians should keep their eyes wide open and carefully observe for the clinical manifestations of these hypersensitivity reactions.

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