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Volume 34(3); June 2002
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Original Articles
Randomized Controlled Open Labelled, Phase III Trials, Comparing the Efficacy between Fentas(R) and Durogesic(R) Patches in Controlling Cancer Pain: Multicenter Trial
Myung Ju Ahn, Tae June Jung, Jung Hye Choi, Mi Ran Oh, Hwi Joong Yoon, Jun Suk Kim, Chul Won Choi, Kyung Wook Hur, Dae Sik Hong, Hee Sook Park, Sung Kyu Park, Jung Ae Lee, Young Suk Park, Hyonggi Jung
Cancer Res Treat. 2002;34(3):165-169.   Published online June 30, 2002
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2002.34.3.165
AbstractAbstract PDF
PURPOSE
Fentanyl is a synthetic opioid and transdermal therapeutic system (TTS), designed to release the drug into the skin at a constant rate, ranging from 25 to 100 microgram/hr, for up to 3 days. For the control of chronic cancer pain, Durogesic(R) patches (Janssen Co., USA) are now widely used. Recently, the Hana Company in Korea developed a new fentanyl patch, Fentas(R) using a different method. To compare the efficacy, and safety, of the fentanyl patch manufactured in Korea (Hana Pharm. Co. Ltd), with the Durogesic(R) patch, in controlling cancer pain, we performed randomized controlled, open labelled, phase III studies. MATERIALS AND METGODS: From January 2000 to April 2001, 85 patients were enrolled, 69 of whom (42 in D arm and 43 in F arm) completed the study, and were therefore assessable for per protocol (PP) analyses.
RESULTS
There were no significant differences between the two groups in baseline characteristics, with the exception of age. The primary end point was to show the therapeutic equivalence of the two patches. In these clinical trials, the confidence interval of difference, between the test drug (Fentas(R)) and the control (Durogesic(R)), was 0.027~ +0.124 by intention to treat (ITT) analysis. Even if the upper confidence interval exceeds + 0.1, the test drug is not superior to the control drug, because the confidence interval includes 0. However, by PP analysis, the confidence interval lies exactly within +/- 0.1. Therefore, we could conclude the two patches are therapeutically equivalent. The second endpoint was the difference of visual analog scale (VAS) between the baseline and the average of three measurements after treatment. The difference in VAS was 50.44+/-10.28 for the F arm, and 44.69+/-11.00 for the D arm. By PP analysis the test drug was superior to the control (p=0.028). The rescue morphine amount was 81.21+/-124.76 for F arm and 66.19+/-115.9 for D arm, and there was no significant difference between the two groups (p=0.6063). The most common adverse effects of both fentanyl patches were nausea or vomiting (55.3%), somnolence (50.0%), constipation (39.5%), gastrointestinal discomfort (57.9%) and headaches (25.0%). In general there was no significant difference in side effects or laboratory data between the two groups.
CONCLUSION
These findings suggest that Fentas(R) patches, administered every 3 days, are effective, safe, and well tolerated for the treatment of most patients with cancer pain and is as effective or better than Durogesic(R).
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Immunohistochemical Study for CD44v6 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Cholangiocarcinoma
Ki Jung Yun, Kwon Ha Yoon, Weon Cheol Han
Cancer Res Treat. 2002;34(3):170-174.   Published online June 30, 2002
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2002.34.3.170
AbstractAbstract PDF
PURPOSE
CD44 is a multifunctional adhesion molecule in cell-to-cell and cell-to-matrix interactions. This transmembrane glycoprotein exists in either standard or variant form, with the variation originating in alternative splicing. This study was designed to evaluate the role of CD44v6, one of the CD44 isoforms, in hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma. MATERIALS AND METGODS: Immunohistochemical expression of CD44v6 was studied in 7 normal livers, 14 hepatocellular carcinomas and 16 cholangiocarcinomas, that were formalin fixed and paraffin embedded.
RESULTS
CD44v6 was frequently expressed in the normal hepatocytes and hepatocellular carcinomas. Expression was not noted in the normal bile duct within the portal tract. CD44v6 was positively expressed in some of the proliferating bile ducts (43%) and cholangiocarcinomas (69%).
CONCLUSION
CD44v6 expression may be more important in the stepwise carcinogenesis of the bile duct than in the normal hepatocyte, but further study is needed.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Impact of Alternative Splicing Variants on Liver Cancer Biology
    Jose J. G. Marin, Maria Reviejo, Meraris Soto, Elisa Lozano, Maitane Asensio, Sara Ortiz-Rivero, Carmen Berasain, Matias A. Avila, Elisa Herraez
    Cancers.2021; 14(1): 18.     CrossRef
  • Aberrant mRNA splicing generates oncogenic RNA isoforms and contributes to the development and progression of cholangiocarcinoma (Review)
    Juthamas Yosudjai, Sopit Wongkham, Siwanon Jirawatnotai, Worasak Kaewkong
    Biomedical Reports.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • An aberrantly spliced isoform of anterior gradient-2, AGR2vH promotes migration and invasion of cholangiocarcinoma cell
    Juthamas Yosudjai, Chaturong Inpad, Sasitorn Chomwong, Paweena Dana, Kanlayanee Sawanyawisuth, Suchada Phimsen, Sopit Wongkham, Siwanon Jirawatnotai, Worasak Kaewkong
    Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy.2018; 107: 109.     CrossRef
  • Prognostic Significance of CD44s Expression in Biliary Tract Cancers
    Sang Min Lee, Kyoung Eun Lee, Hye Jung Chang, Moon Young Choi, Min-Sun Cho, Seog Ki Min, Hyeon Kook Lee, Yeung Chul Mun, Eun Mi Nam, Chu Myong Seong, Soon Nam Lee
    Annals of Surgical Oncology.2008; 15(4): 1155.     CrossRef
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Chromosomal Alterations in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Lines Detected by Comparative Genomic Hybridization
Sang Jin Park, Mahn Joon Ha, Hugh Chul Kim, Hyon Ju Kim
Cancer Res Treat. 2002;34(3):175-185.   Published online June 30, 2002
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2002.34.3.175
AbstractAbstract PDF
PURPOSE
There have only been a few cytogenetic studies of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and so far, no consistent specific chromosomal abnormalities have been described. Here, we have used comparative genomic hybridization (CGH), a powerful molecular cytogenetic technique for detecting changes of the copy number throughout the genome, to screen for genetic alterations in HCC cell lines. The CGH results were compared with those derived from G-banding and chromosome painting. MATERIALS AND METGODS: Conventional cytogenetic analyses were performed on five HCC cell lines, SNU-354, SNU-368, SNU-387, SNU-449 and SNU-475, using a G- banding staining technique. In CGH, equal amounts of differently labeled DNA from the cell lines, and normal reference DNA, were hybridized simultaneously to normal metaphase chromosomes. They were visualized by different fluorochromes, and the signal intensities quantified separately as gray levels along the single chromosomes. The over- and under-represented DNA segments were determined by computation of ratio images and average ratio profiles. To confirm the CGH results, florescence in situ hybridization (FISH), with chromosome specific painting, was performed using indirectly labeled chromosome specific paints.
RESULTS
Complex unbalanced chromosomal aberrations, which could not be identified reliably by conventional cytogenetics in HCC cell lines, were successfully resolved by CGH analysis. CGH results were validated using FISH with chromosome specific probes. In HCC cell lines, gains in DNA copy number were more common than losses. The most prominent changes were gains of 1q12- qter (80% of cases), 1q41-qter (100%), 7 (80%), 8q12-qter (60%), 8q23-qter (80%) and 20q12-qter (60%). Recurrent losses were mapped on 4q13-qter (60%), 16q12-qter (60%), 16q21-qter (80%), 13q12-q14.2 (60%) and Yq11.2 (100%). All four male HCC cell lines showed loss or rearrangement of the Y chromosome.
CONCLUSION
Conventional cytogenetics, CGH and FISH using painting probes, represent complementary approaches that, when employed in combination, could greatly facilitate the comprehensive analysis of chromosomal imbalances in HCC cell lines. Our results suggest the existence of an oncogene, or protooncogenes, on chromosome 1q41-qter, and the tumor suppressor genes on Yq11.2, that play a role in the development and/or progression of hepatocellular carcinogenesis.
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Impact of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy on Postoperative Morbidity in Locally Advanced Cervical Carcinoma
Tae Sung Lee, Mi Suk Kim, Suk Bong Koh, Youn Seok Choi
Cancer Res Treat. 2002;34(3):186-190.   Published online June 30, 2002
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2002.34.3.186
AbstractAbstract PDF
PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) does not increase morbidity in patients undergoing radical hysterectomy with lymphadenectomy for locally advanced cervical cancer. MATERIALS AND METGODS: A retrospective study was undertaken of 140 patients with locally advanced cervical cancer (FIGO stage Ia to IIb) who underwent radical hysterectomy with lymphadenectomy by the same surgeon at the same hospital. Among the 140 patients, 39 received NACT followed by radical hysterectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy (NACT group). This group received three cycles consisting of cisplatin 100 mg/m2/day on day 1 and 5-fluorouracil 1000 mg/m2/day from day 1 to 5. The NACT group was compared, in terms of intraoperative morbidity and postoperative morbidity, with the other 101 patients who underwent radical hysterectomy with lymphadenectomy but without chemotherapy (surgery-only group).
RESULTS
There were no significant differences in mean age, body weight or height between the two groups. The only significant difference was that the NACT patients had higher stages of cancer. The incidence of intraoperative morbidity did not differ between the NACT and surgery only patients. We considered the operation duration, amount of blood loss and need for transfusion as indicators of intraoperative morbidity. We could not find any significant differences in the duration of suprapubic catheterization, days of hemovac drainage, amount of drained hemovac fluid, days of hospitalization or postoperative febrile morbidity between the NACT and surgery-only groups. Patients in the surgery-only group had more postoperative complications (ureteral obstruction, intestinal obstruction, lymphocyst, lymphedema, and death) than the NACT group, although not to a statistically significant degree (P>0.05).
CONCLUSION
In this retrospective review, there was no evidence that NACT increased intraoperative or postoperative morbidity in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer. As this was a retrospective study, other prospective, randomized studies are needed to confirm these results.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • The Role of 2D/3D Ultrasound to Assess the Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer
    Giorgia Perniola, Federica Tomao, Marialida Graziano, Innocenza Palaia, Margherita Fischetti, Francesca Lecce, Assunta Casorelli, Violante Di Donato, Antonella Giancotti, Francesco Antonio Battaglia, Ludovico Muzii, Pierluigi Benedetti Panici
    Oncology.2020; 98(11): 807.     CrossRef
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Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy in Locally Advanced Carcinoma of the Uterine Cervix Preliminary Results of Phases III Prospective Randomized Trial
Young Seok Kim, Eun Kyung Choi, Jong Hoon Kim, Seung Do Ahn, Sang Wook Lee, Jong Hyeok Kim, Yong Man Kim, Young Tak Kim, Jung Eun Mok, Joo Hyun Nam
Cancer Res Treat. 2002;34(3):191-197.   Published online June 30, 2002
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2002.34.3.191
AbstractAbstract PDF
PURPOSE
A prospective, randomized phase III, clinical trial was performed to assess treatment related acute toxicity, early response and survival difference, between a monthly 5-FU cisplatin, and a weekly cisplatin group alone, for concurrent chemoradiotherapy in the locally advanced uterine cervical carcinoma patients. MATERIALS AND METGODS: Between March 1998 and March 2000, 35 patients, with locally advanced (FIGO stage IIB to IVA) cervical carcinoma, were studied, but 5 patients were excluded inform the analysis due to their refusal of treatment. The patients were randomly assigned to 'monthly 5-FU cisplatin' (arm I), or 'weekly cisplatin' (arm II), groups. The patients of arm I received 5-FU cisplatin (5-FU 1,000 mg/m2/day cisplatin 20 mg/m2/day, IV continuous infusion, for 5 days, 3 cycles with 4-week intervals) with radiation therapy. Those of arm II received only cisplatin (cisplatin 30 mg/m2/day, IV bolus, 6 cycles with 1-week intervals) with radiation therapy. The radiation therapy consisted of external beam irradiation of 41.4~50.4 Gy/23~28 fractions, and high dose rate intracavitary treatments, delivering a dose of 30~35 Gy to point A in 6~7 fractions. During intracavitary radiation, a parametrial boost was delivered for a point B dose of 60 Gy in the non-thickened side, and 65 Gy in the thickened side. Treatment related acute toxicities were assessed using Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) acute morbidity scoring criteria. The response to treatment, and survival, were analyzed. The median follow-up period was 19 months.
RESULTS
The FIGO stage distributions of arm I (n=16) and arm II (n=14) were as follows; IIB 10, IIIA 1, IIIB 4, IVA 1 in arm I, 12, 0, 1 and 1 in arm II respectively. The compliance of both arms were 80.0% and 93.3%, respectively (p=0.37). During radiation therapy, the incidences of leukopenia, greater than RTOG grade 2, were 25.0%, 14.3%, respectively. There were no patients with gastrointestinal or genitourinary toxicity greater than RTOG grade 2. The complete response rates at 3 months, following radiation therapy, were 87.5% and 92.9% respectively. Two-year disease free survival rates were 81.3%, 85.7%, respectively, for each arms.
CONCLUSION
There was no significant difference in response to treatment, or patterns of failure, between the monthly FP and weekly cisplatin arms. Although there were no statistically significant differences, the patients of the weekly cisplatin arm had better compliance. More patients, and a longer follow up, are needed for improved evaluation of the regimen.
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Polyamines Regulate Growth Factor-Induced Protein Phosphorylation in MCF-7 Human Breast Cancer Cells
Ji Young Lee, Kyeong Hee Lee, Byeong Gee Kim
Cancer Res Treat. 2002;34(3):198-204.   Published online June 30, 2002
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2002.34.3.198
AbstractAbstract PDF
PURPOSE
Growth factors stimulate protein phosphorylation resulting in transmission of mitogenic signals. In breast cancer, protein kinases and their substrate proteins are importnat in cell proliferation and phathogenesis. Polymine is known as a mediator of stimuli-induced proliferation in many cell systems. In the present study, we report the importance of polyamines in protein phosphorylation in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. MATERIALS AND METGODS: Protein phosphorylation study was done by incubating cells in the DMEM containing [gamma-(32)P]-ATP. Quantitation of phosphorylation was analysed by fluorescene image analyzer. Tyrosine phosphorylation was detected by anti-phosphotyrosine antibody. Shc was detected by radioimmunoprecipitation and Western blotting.
RESULTS
E2, TGF-alpha, and EGF enhanced the protein phosphorylation in very similar pattern. Among those proteins, 67 kDa protein was most strongly phosphorylated. But the most prominent tyrosine phosphoprotein was 52 kDa protein. DFMO at 5 mM strongly inhibited the phosphorylation of the most proteins. Externally added polyamine could recover the inhibitory effect of DFMO in protein phosphorylation. Among the 5 major tyrosine phosphoproteins, 52 and 46 kDa proteins appeared to be Shc proteins.
CONCLUSION
Polyamines modulate signal transduction in relation with estrogen receptor and EGF receptor through multiple steps of protein phosphorylations. Tyrosine phosphorylation of Shc proteins were most significantly influenced by polyamines in growth factor-stimulate breast cancer cell proliferation.

Citations

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  • 18F-Fluoro-2-Deoxy-Glucose Uptake Predicts Clinical Outcome in Patients with Gefitinib-Treated Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
    Im Il Na, Byung Hyun Byun, Hye Jin Kang, Gi Jeong Cheon, Jae Soo Koh, Cheol Hyeon Kim, Du Hwan Choe, Baek-Yeol Ryoo, Jae Cheol Lee, Sang Moo Lim, Sung Hyun Yang
    Clinical Cancer Research.2008; 14(7): 2036.     CrossRef
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Glutathione S-transferase P1 Genetic Polymorphisms and Breast Cancer Risk
Sook Un Kim, Kyoung Mu Lee, Sue Kyung Park, Keun Young Yoo, Dong Young Noh, Kook Jin Choe, Se Hyun Ahn, Daehee Kang
Cancer Res Treat. 2002;34(3):205-211.   Published online June 30, 2002
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2002.34.3.205
AbstractAbstract PDF
PURPOSE
To evaluate the potential association between the GSTP1 genotype and the development of breast cancer, a hospital based case-control study was conducted in South Korea. MATERIALS AND METGODS: The study population consisted of 171 histologically confirmed incidents of breast cancer cases, and 171 age-matched controls with no present, or previous, history of cancer. A PCR method was used for the genotyping analyses, and statistical evaluation was performed by an unconditional logistic regression model.
RESULTS
No association was observed in the study subjects, or the premenopausal women group with GSTP1 Val allele. However, postmenopausal women with GSTP1 Val allele had a reduced risk of breast cancer (OR=0.3, 95% CI=0.1~0.7). When the data were stratified, by the known risk factors of breast cancer, a significant interaction was observed between the GSTP1 genotype and alcohol consumption (p for interaction = 0.01); women with GSTP1 Val allele, that drank regularly, had a 3.0-fold increased risk of breast cancer (95% CI=1.1~7.9), whereas women with GSTP1 Val allele, that never drink, had protective effects (OR=0.4, 95% CI=0.2~0.8).
CONCLUSION
Our findings suggest that GSTP1 Ile105Val polymorphism influences the individual susceptibility to breast cancer, and that this effect may be modified by alcohol consumption.

Citations

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  • Attributable fraction of alcohol consumption on cancer using population-based nationwide cancer incidence and mortality data in the Republic of Korea
    Sohee Park, Hai-Rim Shin, Boram Lee, Aesun Shin, Kyu-Won Jung, Duk-Hee Lee, Sun Ha Jee, Sung-Il Cho, Sue Kyung Park, Mathieu Boniol, Paolo Boffetta, Elisabete Weiderpass
    BMC Cancer.2014;[Epub]     CrossRef
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Retinoic Acid Enhances Drug-Induced Cell Death in Anticancer Drug-Resistant Cell Lines
Young Mi Whang, Yeul Hong Kim, Sang Won Shin, Byung Soo Kim, Jun Suk Kim, Young Do Yoo, Sun Hee Park
Cancer Res Treat. 2002;34(3):212-217.   Published online June 30, 2002
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2002.34.3.212
AbstractAbstract PDF
PURPOSE
Retinoids (RA), a group of vitamin A derivatives, is known to be important for regulation of normal cellular growth and differentiation. RA treatment of various cancers resulted in cell growth inhibition and apoptosis. Therefore, the chemotherapeutic and chemopreventative activities of various types of tumor have been examined. Biological actions of RA are mediated through nuclear receptors, including the retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and retinoid X receptors (RXRs). In this study, we examined the effect of all-trans-retinoic acid (atRA) as an anticancer drug-sensitiser in cancer cell lines and in its drug- resistant cancer cell lines MATERIALS AND METGODS: Cells were maintained by RPMI 1640 medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum. Cells were treated with 1 micro M atRA for 48 h, then with the desired concentration of anticancer drug for 24 h. Cell viability was measured spectrophotometrically at 540 nm using the MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] assay. Western blot analyses were performed with the desired antibodies.
RESULTS
We investigated if pre-treatment with atRA enhanced the drug-sensitivity of various cancer cell lines to either 5-fluorouracil, adriamycin, or cisplatin. 5-FU (SNU638-F2) and CDDP-resistant cell (SNU638-Cis) lines, from a Korean gastric cancer cell line (SNU638) and the ADR-resistant cells (AD600) was established from a colon cancer cell line (SW620). Treatment of each cell line, with 1 micro M atRA, prior to drug exposure resulted in enhanced cell death in these cell lines. Furthermore, the effect of atRA on growth inhibition, in each drug-resistant cell line, was more obvious than in their parent cell lines. Increased activity of Transglutaminase II (TgaseII) and cleavage of Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) were also observed (western blot analysis CONCLUSION: Based on our data, we suggest that atRA enhances anticancer drug-induced cell death and reverses the drug-sensitivity of the drug-resistant cancer cell lines.
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A Phase II Study of Oxaliplatin Combined with 5-Fluorouracil and Leucovorin (Mayo Clinic Regimen) in 5-Fluorouracil Refractory Colorectal Cancer
Yee Zee Bae, Jae Hyuk Jung, Chang Hoon Moon, Seong Hyun Kim, Hyuk Chan Kwon, Jae Seok Kim, Hyo Jin Kim
Cancer Res Treat. 2002;34(3):218-222.   Published online June 30, 2002
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2002.34.3.218
AbstractAbstract PDF
PURPOSE
There are few therapeutic options in patients with colorectal cancer that have progressed or recurred following 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) based therapy. We evaluated the efficacy and toxicity of oxaliplatin, 5-FU, leucovorin (Mayo clinic regimen) in 5-FU pretreated advanced colorectal cancer patients. MATERIALS AND METGODS: Twenty-eight patients were enrolled in this study between January 1999 and May 2001. Patients were treated with oxaliplatin 150 mg/m2 on day 1 as a 2-hr infusion and 5-FU 425 mg/m2, leucovorin 20 mg/m2, bolus for 5 days. Treatment courses were repeated in 4-week intervals.
RESULTS
The objective response rate was 25% for 28 assessable patients, all cases registered a partial response. Eleven patients (39%) demonstrated stable disease, and ten (36%) progressed. The median response duration was 5.5 months, and the median time to progression was 6.3 months. The median overall survival time was 13.5 months from the start of the chemotherapy. From the 120 cycles analyzed, grade 3,4 hematologic toxicities included neutropenia: 1.6%, and thrombocytopenia: 1.6%. The frequent grade 3.4 non-hematologic adverse reactions were nausea/vomiting (25.0%), diarrhea (14.3%), stomititis (3.6%), and neuropathy (3.6%). There were no treatment-related deaths.
CONCLUSION
This phase II study had relatively higher toxicity than previous studies, and did not show an increased significant response rate. These high levels of toxicity suggest that the study treatment combination of oxaliplatin with a full dose Mayo clinic regimen arm is no feasible. Therefore, this regimen will be discontinued and a safer regimen will be adopted.

Citations

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  • Effect of Betulinic Acid on Anticancer Drug‐Resistant Colon Cancer Cells
    Gwon‐Ryul Jung, Kyung‐Jong Kim, Cheol‐Hee Choi, Tae‐Beum Lee, Song Iy Han, Hyo‐Kyung Han, Sung‐Chul Lim
    Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology.2007; 101(4): 277.     CrossRef
  • Oxaliplatin/5-FU without Leucovorin Chemotherapy in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
    Byoung Yong Shim, Kang Moon Lee, Hyeon-Min Cho, Hyun Jin Kim, Hong Joo Cho, Jinmo Yang, Jun-Gi Kim, Hoon-Kyo Kim
    Cancer Research and Treatment.2005; 37(4): 212.     CrossRef
  • The Efficacy of a Modified Chronomodulated Infusion of Oxaliplatin, 5-Fluorouracil and Leucovorin in Advanced Colorectal Cancer (Preliminary Data)
    Ji Young Park, Si-Young Kim, Jae Jin Lee, Hwi Joong Yoon, Kyung Sam Cho
    Cancer Research and Treatment.2004; 36(3): 199.     CrossRef
  • Oxaliplatin with Biweekly, Low Dose Leucovorin and Bolus and Continuous Infusion 5-fluorouracil (Modified FOLFOX 4) as First-line Therapy for Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
    Hyuk-Chan Kwon, Kyoung Tae Kim, Shin Ae Lee, Jong-Sung Park, Sung-Hyun Kim, Jae-Seok Kim, Hyo Jin Kim
    Cancer Research and Treatment.2004; 36(2): 115.     CrossRef
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Changes of Telomerase Activity and Proliferation by Inhibition of Reverse Transcriptase Activity in Human Cancer Cell
Hyun Jung Ji, Kyu Hyun Park, Tae Soo Kim, Sun Young Rha, Nae Choon Yoo, Jun Myung Kim, Jun Suk Kim, Jae Kyoung Roh, Woo Ick Jang, Hyun Cheol Chung
Cancer Res Treat. 2002;34(3):223-233.   Published online June 30, 2002
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2002.34.3.223
AbstractAbstract PDF
PURPOSE
Activation of telomerase is proposed to be an essential step in cancer cell immortalization and cancer progression. 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxythymidine (AZT), a reverse transcriptase inhibitor, was reported to be incorporated in telomeric sequences of immortalized cells in culture and to suppress the activity of telomerase and the cell proliferation. In this study, after induction of cancer cell senescence with long-term treatment of AZT, we investigated the dynamics of telomerase subunits (hTERT, hTR, TEP), transcription factors (c-Myc, Mad1), telomerase activity, and finally, telomere length in a human breast cancer cell line. MATERIALS AND METGODS: Human breast cancer cell (MDA-MB-231) was treated with AZT. Senescence was measured by senescence-associated beta-gal staining and apoptosis was counted by dTd enzyme assay. Telomerase activity (by TRAP assay), expression of telomerase subunit genes (by RT-PCR and real-time PCR) and telomere length (by Southern blot analysis) were measured after the AZT treatment.
RESULTS
We found evidences of senescence, apoptosis and growth delay after AZT treatment. In addition, AZT- treated cancer cells showed inhibition of telomerase activity and shortening of telomere length in a dose- and duration-dependent way. Among the telomerase subunits, hTERT and c-Myc were the first factors to change after AZT treatment, subsequently, followed by the changes of hTR, Mad1 and TEP.
CONCLUSION
The suppression of hTERT and c-Myc by AZT treatment was the initial genetic phenomenon, subsequently followed by the changes of hTR, Mad1 and TEP.
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Cytogenetic Study in Suspicious Cases of Malignant Pleural Effusion
Seung Bum Han, Dae Kwang Kim
Cancer Res Treat. 2002;34(3):234-238.   Published online June 30, 2002
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2002.34.3.234
AbstractAbstract PDF
PURPOSE
This study was performed to detect malignant cells in suspicious cases of malignant pleural effusion by cytogenetic analysis. MATERIALS AND METGODS: Eleven cases with pleural effusion were included in this study. Cells in pleural effusion were treated by direct, or short term, culture to prepare chromosomes. To analyze chromosomes, the G-banding method was used.
RESULTS
Chromosome preparations succeeded in 10 cases. 5 cases had normal karyotypes, but in 2 of these cases malignant cells were detected on cytological examination. The other 5 cases had abnormal chromosomes, but on cytological examination showed normal cell appearances.
CONCLUSION
Cytogenetic analysis of pleural effusions is not used routinely, but is more sensitive than the cytological examination of malignant pleural effusions. So, chromosome analysis is a good diagnostic tool, when chromosomal abnormalities are detected in an effusion. If a combination of cytology and cytogenetic study are used, the chance of detecting malignant cells in pleural effusion will be higher, and then more invasive diagnostic procedures, such as thoracoscopy or thoracotomy, could be avoided.

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  • Sensitivity and complications of thoracentesis and thoracoscopy: a meta-analysis
    Gabriela Martinez-Zayas, Sofia Molina, David E. Ost
    European Respiratory Review.2022; 31(166): 220053.     CrossRef
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Case Report
Invasive Ductal Carcinoma of the Male Breast: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Jinyoung Yoo, Hyun Joo Choi, Hee Jeong Lee, Seok Jin Kang, Byung Kee Kim, Sang In Shim, Chang Suk Kang
Cancer Res Treat. 2002;34(3):239-242.   Published online June 30, 2002
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2002.34.3.239
AbstractAbstract PDF
Breast carcinomas are an uncommon neoplastic condition in men, accounting for only 1% of all breast cancers, and less than 1% of all malignancies in men. A 70-year-old man who presented a right breast mass was found to have infiltrating ductal carcinoma. We herein report the case with a review of the literature.
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