PURPOSE It is known that the prognosis of childhood cancer is relatively good, however actual representative nationwide data on childhood cancer, particularly of survival rate, are rare. In this study we attempted to establish the overall survival rate of major childhood cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS The primary source of data of childhood cancer under 15 years of age were the registry files of the Central Cancer Registry Report (Ministry of Health & Welfare) from 1993 to 1997. The above data was compared to death case data files of the same period obtained from the Korea National Statistical Office using the personal identification code. We calculated the 1, 3, and 5 year survival rates using the life table of SPSS and Kaplan-Meier method and compared the survival rate of disease according to prognostic factors. RESULTS A total of 6,720 cases of pediatric cancer from the Central Cancer Registry files were computerized and sorted by personal identification (ID) code to extract duplicated cases as well as cases with incomplete data. The final number of cases entered in this study was 4,983. 1) The number of confirmed death cases was 1,448 (29.1%). 2) The disease distribution showed that the most common pediatric cancer was leukemia (1,468/4,983, 29%), followed by brain tumors (503/4,983, 10%), lymphoma (315/4,983, 6%), Wilms tumor (165/4,983, 3%), etc. in order by number of patients. 3) The 5 year survival rate of disease was as follows: overall 62%, acute lymphocytic leukemia 61%, acute non-lymphocytic leukemia 32%, malignant lymphoma 72%, neuroblastoma 47%, medulloblastoma 51%, Astrocytoma 66%, Wilms tumor 83%, etc. CONCLUSION We analyzed and report the 5 year survival rate of overall childhood cancer and of each of the twelve major childhood cancers from in Korea 1993 to 1997 to provide basic data on childhood cancer statistics.
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Inequalities in childhood cancer mortality according to parental socioeconomic position: A birth cohort study in South Korea Mia Son, Jongoh Kim, Juhwan Oh, Ichiro Kawachi Social Science & Medicine.2011; 72(1): 108. CrossRef
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Clinicopathologic Features and Treatment Outcomes in Malignant Lymphoma of Pediatric and Young Adult Patients in Korea: Comparison of Korean All-Ages Group and Western Younger Age Group In Gyu Hwang, Keon Hee Yoo, Soo Hyun Lee, Yeon Hee Park, Tae Kyu Lim, Sang Cheol Lee, Sara Park, Byeong-Bae Park, Young Hyeh Ko, Kihyun Kim, Hong Hoe Koo, Won Seog Kim Clinical Lymphoma and Myeloma.2007; 7(9): 580. CrossRef
PURPOSE Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been associated with tumor cell invasion and metastasis by mediating the degradation of extracellular matrix components. A tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) has been reported to inhibit tumor invasion by means of an inactivation of matrix metalloproteinases. An imbalance between MMPs and the associated TIMPs may play a significant role in the invasive phenotype of malignant tumors. Therefore, MMPs and their inhibitors constitute promising agents for developing anticancer therapies. In the present study, the authors investigated the correlation between the expressions of TIMP-1 and MMPs, and the clinical outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS Immunohistochemical staining of MMP-2, -3 and -9, and TIMP-1 was performed on paraffin-embedded tissue sections of 38 early gastric carcinomas and 61 advanced gastric carcinomas. RESULTS MMP-2 and -9 were found mainly in tumors of the intestinal type and less frequently in those of diffuse type. There were positive correlations between the presence of MMP-2 and -9 and lymph node status. There were inverse correlations between the TIMP-1 expression and tumor invasiveness. CONCLUSION These results suggests that clinical outcomes such as the depth of invasion or metastasis are closely related to the expression of TIMP-1, MMP-2 and MMP-9.
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Regulatory Mechanism and Experimental Verification of Patchouli Alcohol on Gastric Cancer Cell Based on Network Pharmacology Yanru Song, Liang Chang, Xiaoyuan Wang, Bibo Tan, Jianbo Li, Jie Zhang, Fengbin Zhang, Lianmei Zhao, Guangjie Liu, Bingjie Huo Frontiers in Oncology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Germacrone exerts anti-cancer effects on gastric cancer through induction of cell cycle arrest and promotion of apoptosis Lei Wu, Lifen Wang, Xiangguo Tian, Junyong Zhang, Hua Feng BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Paeonol exerts potential activities to inhibit the growth, migration and invasion of human gastric cancer BGC823 cells via downregulating MMP-2 and MMP-9 Zhong-Kuan Lyu, Chang-Ling Li, Yan Jin, Yu-Zhao Liu, Xi Zhang, Fang Zhang, Lu-Ning Ning, Er-Shun Liang, Min Ma, Wei Gao, Ming-Xiang Zhang, De-Shan Liu Molecular Medicine Reports.2017; 16(5): 7513. CrossRef
PURPOSE This study was designed to investigate the correlation between the clinicopathologic characteristics and the recurrence pattern of gastric cancer and to define survival difference according to treatment modality after diagnosis of recurrence. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 4184 patients who had undergone radical surgery for primary gastric cancer from 1986 through 1996.
Clinicopathologic factors were analyzed for the relationship of each factor with the pattern of recurrence. And the survival after diagnosis of recurrence was compared among the treatment modalities. RESULTS Recurrence pattern was confirmed in 1141 patients.
Loco-regional recurrence occurred in 291 patients (20.1%), peritoneal recurrence in 383 (26.5%), distant recurrence in 290 (20.1%), and mixed recurrence in 177 (12.3%), respectively.
Early recurrence (less than 2 years) occurred in 767 (69.3%), intermediate recurrence (2~5 years) in 286 (25.8%), and late recurrence (more than 5 years) in 54 (4.9%). In multivariate analysis, T stage, N stage, size of tumor and perineural invasion were independent prognostic factors for recurrence. Median survival from diagnosis of recurrence was 24.2 months in the curative operation group, 7.7 months in the chemotherapy group, 7.1 months in the non-curative operation group and 3.3 months in the conservative treatment group, respectively (p=0.000). CONCLUSION The clinicopathological analysis of recurrent gastric cancer showed recurrent patterns and prognostic factors. Curative resection is suggested to have survival benefit in recurrent gastric cancer patients, although it was possible in patients with limited extent of disease.
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Usefulness of Reoperation after Recurrence of Gastric Cancer Gui-Ae Jeong, Gyu-Seok Cho, Moon-Su Lee, Yong-Jin Kim, Kil-Ho Kang, Hyung-Soo Kim, Hyung-Chul Kim Journal of the Korean Surgical Society.2009; 77(2): 96. CrossRef
PURPOSE This study was performed in order to determine the histologic features, incidence & frequency of the Aberrant Crypt Foci (ACFs) including mucosal abnormalities arising in the sporadic colonic cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS We investigated the proximal and distal colonic mucosa surrounding the tumor in 22 cases (right colon 7 cases and left colon 15 cases) of resected colonic adenocarcinoma specimen. The methylene blue- stained colonic mucosa was examined in en face preparations and rolled totally. The rolled colonic mucosa was embedded in paraffin and examined by using 4micrometer thick serial sections. RESULTS We found one hundred twenty two ACFs. The 97 foci (78.7%) were simple hypertrophic foci (SH), composed of more elongated and larger crypts than normal with apical branching associated with goblet cell hyperplasia. The 17 foci (13.9%) were hyperplastic foci (HP) resembling hyperplastic polyp, and 7 (5.7%) were adeno matous foci (AD) while 2 (1.6%) were adenomatous foci with dysplasia (Dys).
The mean number of ACFs/cm of the examined mucosa were 0.18+/-0.21 and were higher in the left colon than in the right colon (0.22+/-0.24 vs. 0.10+/-0.10).
Immunohistochemical stains for p53 and Ki-67 in these foci revealed strong and upper cryptal staining patterns in AD and Dys of ACFs, like that of neoplasia or preneoplastic condition. However, the staining intensities in SH and HP of ACFs were equal to or lower than that of normal crypts. CONCLUSION These results suggest that grossly defined ACFs include reactive process and the majority of ACFs are induced by simple reactive alteration without preneoplastic potential; and two types of ACFs (AD and Dys) are more likely to be direct precursors of colon tumors than SH or HP.
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Hemoglobin induces colon cancer cell proliferation by release of reactive oxygen species Ryung-Ah Lee World Journal of Gastroenterology.2006; 12(35): 5644. CrossRef
PURPOSE To determine the efficacy and toxicity of UFT-E plus oral calcium leucovorin in the treatment of patients with advanced colorectal cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-three patients with advanced, bidimensionally measurable colorectal adenocarcinoma were enrolled in the trial. No patients had received prior palliative chemotherapy. The patients that had received previous adjuvant chemotherapy were enrolled when more than 6 months had elapsed after the completion of adjuvant therapy.
Patients were treated with 300 mg/m2/day of UFT-E (tegafur-based) plus 90 mg/day of leucovorin administered orally in three divided daily doses, every 8 hours for 28 days followed by a 7-day rest period. Response was evaluated after two or three courses of therapy. RESULTS Thirty-six of forty-three patients were evaluable for response; seven dropped out due to infection, toxicity and patients' refusal. Ten patients had partial responses and one patient complete response (response rate, 31%; 95% confidence interval, 16~46%). The median response duration for the UFT-E plus leucovorin regimen was 28 weeks. Grade III toxicity was seen in one case, with diarrhea. CONCLUSION This oral regimen proved effective and well tolerated. This schema also avoided inconveniences, such as hospitalization and the use of infusion pumps, which are associated with 5-FU infusion regimens. The regimen used showed minimal toxicity, especially in the upper digestive tract, with good patient compliance.
PURPOSE Ovarian cancer is a common gynecologic malignancy and the leading cause of death in women. It is typically not diagnosed until it has reached the advanced stages. We performed this study to investigate the roles of the proteins related to the G1 cell cycle in ovarian carcinogenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Immunohistochemistry and Western blot were used to analyse the expression of cyclin Dl and CDK4 in 7, 12-dimethylbenzanthracene- induced ovarian cancer in rats. RESULTS The Cyclin D1 and CDK4 labelling index was significantly higher in the ovarian cancers than in the normal ovarian surface epithelium of rats. There was no difference among the cancer types. In Western blot analyses, the expression of cyclin Dl and CDK4 in the ovarian cancers was higher than that in the normal ovarian surface epithelium. A positive correlation was observed between the expressions of the CDK4 and Cyclin D1. CONCLUSION The upregulation of cyclin Dl and CDK4 that occurs in DMBA-induced rat ovarian carcinogenesis is likely to be associated with tumor progression. Further studies are needed to investigate the role and function of cyclin Dl and CDK4 in human ovarian cancer.
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CDK4/6i enhances the antitumor effect of PD1 antibody by promoting TLS formation in ovarian cancer Wangyou Feng, Dongbo Jiang, Ying Xu, Yuanfeng Li, Lin Chen, Minye Zhao, Yujie Shen, Wenjing Liao, Hong Yang, Jia Li Heliyon.2023; 9(9): e19760. CrossRef
PURPOSE Growth regulation of cancer cells very frequently involves tumor suppressor gene p53, Rb and cell cycle regulator, however the molecular biologic mechanisms of growth regulation in ovarian carcinoma cells are not fully defined. To assess the mechanism of growth suppression, we treated IFN-gama in ovarian carcinoma cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Growth suppression by treatment of IFN-gama was determined by cell proliferation assay in ovarian carcinoma cell lines. Apoptosis was determined by DNA fragmentation assay and electron microscopy. Molecular mechanism of the apoptosis in ovarian carcinoma cell by IFN-gama was further analyzed by the western blot. RESULTS We found that IFN-gama had remarkable growth- suppressive effects in PA-1 and A2774 ovarian carcinoma cells in a time-dependent manner. Apoptosis was observed in PA-1 and A2774 cell following treatment of IFN- gama by DNA fragmentation assay and EM. The expression of IRF-1 protein from A2774 and PA-1 cell extracts was elevated by increasing the concentration of IFN-gama. IFN-gama caused an increased expression of the important apoptosis-related gene, ICE (interleukin-1beta-converting enzyme) protein in A2774 and PA-1. CONCLUSION The coordinate induction of IRF-1 and ICE by IFN-gama in ovarian carcinoma cells suggests a functional relationship between these proteins in programmed cell death. The significance of this study is the molecular biologic background of IFN-gama considered as an alternative treatment trial of ovarian cancers.
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Cdk2-dependent phosphorylation of the NF-Y transcription factor is essential for the expression of the cell cycle-regulatory genes and cell cycle G1/S and G2/M transitions Hee-Don Chae, Jeanho Yun, Yung-Jue Bang, Deug Y Shin Oncogene.2004; 23(23): 4084. CrossRef
Cdk2-dependent Phosphorylation of the NF-Y Transcription Factor and Its Involvement in the p53-p21 Signaling Pathway Jeanho Yun, Hee-Don Chae, Tae-Saeng Choi, Eun-Hee Kim, Yung-Jue Bang, Jongkyeong Chung, Kyeong-Sook Choi, Roberto Mantovani, Deug Y. Shin Journal of Biological Chemistry.2003; 278(38): 36966. CrossRef
PURPOSE This study was undertaken to analyze whether the p53 codon 72 single nucleotide polymorphism might be correlated with the risk and/or the prognosis of cervical cancer in Korean women. MATERIALS AND METHODS Peripheral blood samples derived from patients with cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (n=68), cervical adenocarcinoma (n=37), cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) III (n=98) and normal controls (n=98) were examined. Germline genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes and examined by PCR amplification of the specific alleles assay described by Storey et al.5 Statistical analysis was performed using the Chi-Square test or the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, logistic regression analysis. RESULTS The proportions of individuals who were homozygous for the proline allele, and heterozygous for the two allele, homozygous for arginine allele in each group were 15%, 47%, 38% in the SCC group; 6%, 7%, 24% in the adenocarcinoma group; 7%, 33%, 60% in the CIN III group; and 11%, 38%, 51% in the control group. No significant difference was found between the three groups (p>0.05).
However there was a significant difference in the adenocarcinoma group (p<0.05). Arg/Arg homozygote reduced the risk of adenocarcinoma. No significant difference existed in 5-year survival rates in the three groups (p=0.22 in SCC, p=0.91 in adenocarcinoma). CONCLUSION These findings suggest that Arg/Arg homozygocity of the p53 codon 72 would be a protective factor against the development of cervical adenocarcinoma.
PURPOSE Brain metastasis is estimated to occur in 20~40% of solid tumor patients and the most common primary tumor is lung cancer. Even though the prognosis of brain metastasis is grave and the 1-year survival rate is only 15%, symptom palliations are made with whole brain radiation therapy. We retrospectively evaluated the clinical features and prognostic factors of lung cancer with brain metastasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS From January 1987 to October 1999, 50 lung cancer patients with brain metastasis underwent whole brain radiation therapy. We reviewed the improvement in neurologic symptoms and survival according to the following parameters; performance status, histological type, presence of brain metastasis at the initial diagnosis of lung cancer, presence of extracranial metastasis, multiplicity of brain lesion, presence of primary lung symptom and treatment modalities. RESULTS The most frequent symptom with brain metastasis was a headache (50%). Palliation of the headache and other symptoms was achieved in 81% of the patients. Median overall survival after brain metastasis was 21 weeks and the 1 year survival rate was 15%. Patients without extracranial metastasis had a longer median survival than those with, 38 weeks versus 15 weeks, respectively (p=0.01). CONCLUSION In lung cancer with brain metastasis, neurologic symptoms can be palliated with whole brain radiation therapy, and in this study among such patients, absence of extracranial metastasis can be a good prognostic factor.
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PURPOSE The insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) gene expresses a family of transcripts in embryonic/fetal tissue, and also highly was expressed during hepatocellular carcinogenesis. In this study, we showed that IGF-II mRNA and protein levels are detected in rat embryo, HepG2 human hepatoma cells and Chang liver cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study included sections of rat embryos 7~17 days post coitum (d.p.c), HepG2 cells and Chang liver cells. Using immunohistochemistry, Northern blotting and Western blotting, we observed the expression of IGF-II in the rat embryo, HepG2 cells and Chang liver cells. RESULTS We localized IGF-II gene products in sections of rat embryo 7~17 d.p.c by performing immunohistochemistry.
The IGF-II was mainly expressed in the proximal endoderm and ectoplacental cone between 7 and 9 d.p.c. At 10 d.p.c. the expression was localized at the heart primodium as well as the proximal endoderm, and at 11 d.p.c. the IGF-II was expressed in the liver and heart. After 12 d.p.c. and 14 d.p.c., the expression was also detected in the brain, muscle and bone, and head mesenchyme, respectively. While the expression of IGF-II protein was not detected in the normal adult liver, intense staining was detected in the heart, liver and choroids plexus at 17 d.p.c. CONCLUSION These results suggest that IGF-II may act as an oncofetal protein during hepatocellular carcinogenesis and embryogenesis.
Most T-cell lymphomas arise from mature alpabeta T-cells and commonly involve the nodes. Lymphomas bearing the gamadelta T-cell receptor (TCR) are very rare, and involve the lymph nodes minimally, if at all. Hepatosplenic gamadelta T-cell lymphoma is a recently identified, rare entity in which lymphoma cells bearing the gamadelta TCR infiltrate the sinusoids of the liver, splenic red pulp, and bone marrow. Its leukemic transformation is even more rare.
Recently, we experienced a case of hepatosplenic gamadelta T-cell lymphoma in a 19-year-old woman who presented with epigastric pain, fever, massive splenomegaly, andpancytopenia. The splenectomy specimen and excisional biopsy of the liver revealed the infiltration of atypical T lymphocytes with the immunophenotypic markers of CD3 (+), CD45RO (pan-T antigen) (+), TIA-1(+), CD4(-),CD8 (-), CD56 (-), and S100 (-) in the sinusoids of the liver and splenic red pulp.
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) showed that these cells had the expression of the TCR gama gene rearrangements. Though the pancytopenia had improved after the splenectomy, the response of chemotherapy was transient. Her disease progressed rapidly and she expired in the leukemic phase. We report a case of hepatosplenic gamadelta T-cell lymphoma that developed in a young woman, along with a brief review of the literature.
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A Case of Hepatosplenic T-cell Lymphoma with Colonic Involvement Ji Young Choi, Hye Sun Park, Dong Soo Han, Jae Hoon Kim, Yil Sik Hyun, Joong Ho Bae, Chang Soo Eun, Young Ha Oh Intestinal Research.2011; 9(1): 51. CrossRef
A Case of Successful Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation for Chemotherapy-refractory Hepatosplenic γ δ-T Cell Lymphoma Sung Bin Kim, Su Hyeon Jeong, Jin Hee Park, Hye Soo Kim, Bu Kyung Kim, Ho Sup Lee The Korean Journal of Hematology.2009; 44(4): 284. CrossRef
Primary malignant lymphoma of the breast is rare. The incidence of primary malignant lymphomas of the breast is 0.04% to 0.5% of all malignant tumors of the breast and 0.07% of all non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, and comprises 1.7% of extranodal malignant lymphomas that occur in Western countries. The incidence of mucosa- associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma of the breast is reported to be between 0% and 75% of all primary malignant breast lymphomas in United States and Japan, but the incidence in Korea is unknown. MALT is characterized by indolent behavior and good has a prognosis. The authors report on a patient who has a primary MALT lymphoma of the breast. She was treated by surgical excision, which was followed by radiation therapy. Histologically, her lymphoma type transformed into a diffuse large B-cell tumor after 10months. She received combination chemotherapy and achieved a complete state of remission. She then underwent autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation along with high dose chemotherapy.
To our knowledge, this is the first case report in the literature in Korea.
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