Cancer Research and Treatment

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and basic Fibroblast Growth Factor Expression in Early Gastric Carcinomas: Correlation with Clinicopathologic Factors: Young Sik Kim, Hyun Deuk Cho, Seong Hwan Park, Dae Won Kim, Dae Su Kim, Jong Sang Choi, Hwa Eun Oh; J Korean Cancer Assoc. 2000;32(6):986-996.

Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
Recent studies have demonstrated that angiogenesis and its inducers such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) play an important role in growth, progression, and metastasis in gastric carcinomas. In this study, the authors investigated the prognostic significance of angiogenesis, VEGF, bFGF with respect to conventional clinicopathologic factors in early gastric adenocarcinomas.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Sixty-six specimens resected from patients with early gastric carcinomas were investigated by immunohistochemical staining with antibodies against VEGF, bFGF, and CD31.
RESULTS
In this study, high expression rates of VEGF and bFGF as well as high level of angiogenesis were observed. In addition, the expression rate of VEGF was correlated well with angiogenesis. However, the clinicopathologic factors, such as age, sex, location, growth pattern, lymph node metastasis, submucosal invasion, and degree of differentiation, were not significantly associated with the expression of VEGF and bFGF, and angiogenesis.
CONCLUSION
These results suggest that controlling angiogenesis and its inducers might be a therapeutic target rather than a prognostic factor in early gastric carcinomas.

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The Risk of Gastric Cancer in Koreans according to Smoking, Drinking, Diet, and the Genetic Polymorphisms of Glutathione S-Transferases and L-myc Protooncogene: Jin Woo Park, Young Jin Song, Hyo Yung Yun, Heon Kim, Yoon Ok Ahn, Sang Joon Kim, Jin Pok Kim, Jong Won Kang, Hong Mei Nan, Yong Dae Kim; J Korean Cancer Assoc. 2000;32(6):997-1006.

Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
This study was performed to investigate the interaction of genetic polymorphisms of glutathione S-transferases and L-myc proto-oncogene with smoking, drinking, and dietary factors in the carcinogenesis of gastric cancer.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Two hundred and four gastric cancer patients and 1:1 matched hospital controls were the study subjects. They were interviewed with a questionnaire including alcohol consumption, smoking and dietary habit. We investigated genetic polymorphisms of GSTM1, GSTT1 and L-myc genes using PCR-RFLP techniques.
RESULTS
Smoking and soybean paste stew were risk factors and doughnut, fried potato, welsh onion, rice cake, seaweed, slices of raw fish, melon, tomato, garlic and onion were protective factors of gastric cancer. The odds ratios of some food items changed significantly according to the genotypes; green vegetables and pork according to the GSTM1 genotype; pork, soybean curd, steamed or hard-boiled soybean and welsh onion according to the GSTT1 genotype; rice cake and garlic according to the L-myc proto-oncogene genotype.
CONCLUSION
These results suggest that the genetic polymorphisms of GSTM1, GSTT1 and L-myc genes might modify the effects of environmental factors on gastric cancer possibly by engaging in the metabolism of food, alcohol and cigarette smoke.

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Recurrence of Gastric Adenocarcinoma and Its Relating Factors: Sun Il Lee, Byung Wook Min, Joon Won Um, Seung Joo Kim, Young Jae Mok; J Korean Cancer Assoc. 2000;32(6):1007-1014.

Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
The purpose of this study is to analyze the mode of recurrence and it's relating factors in gastric adenocarcinoma.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
1,446 patients who had been undergone gastrectomy for gastric adeno carcinoma from September 1983 to December 1996 (Department of Surgery, Korea University) were studied (median follow-up was 2.9 years). Of them, 243 patients who had been proven recurrence were studied on recurrence mode and clinicopathological factors.
RESULTS
The mean duration to recurrence was 22 months. The modes of recurrence were locore gional (30.0%), peritoneal (23.0%), hematogenous (19.3%) and distant lymph node metastasis (4.1%) in order. In 23.5%, more than 2 recurrent pattern were combined. Age, gross type, tumor size and stage were statistically significant to the mode of recurrence. The disease free survival was calculated: regional lymph node, number of lymph node, stage, and tumor emboli had statistical significance in all types of recurrence and in locoregional recurrence, tumor size was significant. Multivariate analysis showed that regional lymph node influenced the disease free survival period in all cases and tumor size in locoregional recurrence.
CONCLUSION
The number of positive regional lymph node and tumor size are important factors predicting the timing of recurrence after curative resection for gastric adenocarcinoma.

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Therapeutic Effect of the Intraperitoneal Cisplatin Installation (IPCI) in Advanced Gastric Carcinoma with Serosa Invasion Retrospective study: Haeng Su Kim, Jin Ho Kwak, Yong Ho Kim, Chang Hwan Lee, Jung Hwan Yook, Seung Tae Oh, Byung Sik Kim, Keun Chun Park; J Korean Cancer Assoc. 2000;32(6):1015-1021.

Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
We performed retrospective study to evaluate the preventive effect of intraperitoneal cisplatin installation (IPCI) on peritoneal recurrence after curative resection of advanced gastric cancer.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The effect of IPCI was evaluated in 297 advanced gastric carcinoma patients from January 1993 to December 1996. In IPCI group, 100 mg/body of cisplatin in one liter of saline was installed in peritoneal cavity before wound closure in operating room and drained out 2 hours later. Postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy with combination of 5-FU and cisplain was performed. 155 cases were treated by IPCI. Median follow-up period was 26 months.
RESULTS
Out of 139 (46.8%) recurred cases, peritoneal, local and distant recurrences developed in 65 (37.8%) cases, 66 (38.4%) cases and 41 (23.8%) cases respectively. In univariated analysis for survival and recurrence, IPCI, T stage and N stage were significant prognostic factors. As regards to peritoneal recurrence, IPCI and T stage were significant factors. In multivariated survival analysis, as regards to recurrence, IPCI, T stage and N stage were significant prognostic factors. As regards to peritoneal recurrence, IPCI was the only significant independent prognostic factor.
CONCLUSION
We concluded that IPCI can effectively prevent peritoneal recurrence and overall recurrence and it shows marginal survival benefit in advanced gastric cancer patients with serosa invasion.

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Prognostic Factors of Gastrointestinal Leiomyosarcoma in Korea: Se Hoon Lee, Hee Jeoung Cha, Jee Hyun Kim, Im Il Na, Jun Hee Lee, Hark Kyun Kim, Keun Seok Lee, Won Sup Lee, Chong Jai Kim, Dae Seog Heo, Yung Jue Bang, Noe Kyeong Kim; J Korean Cancer Assoc. 2000;32(6):1022-1030.

Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
The clinicopathologic features and prognostic factors of gastrointestinal leiomyosarcoma have been a source of controversy.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A retrospective study was made of 91 incident cases of gastrointestinal leiomyosarcoma from 1979 to 1998 to identify clinicopathologic features and prognostic factors.
RESULTS
The median age of study subjects was 56 years and 58.2% was male. Tumors consisted of 2 esophagus, 39 stomach, 38 small bowel, 12 large bowel leiomyosarcoma. Mean size of the tumors was 10.9 cm and 52.9% of them was larger than 10 cm. The tumors were classified as localized stage (42 cases), advanced stage (21 cases), and metastatic stage (28 cases). Again, the tumors were classified as low grade (48 cases) and high grade (18 cases). Median overall survival was 37.4 months and median disease-free survival was 28.2 months. In univariate analysis, the significant factors affecting the overall survival of patients with leiomyosarcoma were stage, size greater than 10 cm, performance status, and histologic grade. In multivariate analysis, stage, performance status, and histologic grade were independent factors affecting the overall survival. In univariate analysis, the significant factors affecting the disease-free survival were stage, performance status, and histologic grade. In multivariate analysis, histologic grade was the only independent factor affecting the disease-free survival.
CONCLUSION
Stage, performance status, and histologic grade were independent factors affecting the overall survival. Histologic grade was independent factor affecting the disease-free survival.

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Alterations of HLA Class I and II Antigen Expressions in Borderline, Invasive and Metastatic Ovarian Cancers: Yun Kyong Kim, Young Oak Lew, Sung Bae Jee, Gyu Moon Kim, Mi Young Choi, Mi Ji Kang, Yong Seok Lee, Jin Woo Kim; J Korean Cancer Assoc. 2000;32(6):1031-1042.

Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
The relationship between altered HLA expressions and ovarian carcinogenesis is not fully elucidated.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Histological evaluation comprised 20 serous adenocarcinoma, 5 borderline serous malignancy, 10 mucinous adenocarcinoma, 15 borderline mucinous malignancy. We used monoclonal antibodys to HLA class I beta2-microglobulin, class I B/C and class II heavy chain.
RESULTS
There was no statistical difference in HLA expressions between borderline serous malignancy and normal ovarian tissue. In serous adenocarcinoma, beta2-microglobulin, B/C and class II heavy chain expressions were down-regulated. In metastatic cancer, B/C and class II ex pressions were also down-regulated. But the HLA expression of tumor or normal stromal tissue in primary tumor, were not down-regulated compared with the tissues in metastasis. In borderline mucinous malignancy, class II expressions were down-regulated. In mucinous adenocarcinoma, beta2-microglobulin, B/C and class II expressions were down-regulated. In metastatic ovarian cancer, B/C and class II expressions were down-regulated. But, in borderline malignancy, the result failed to reach statistical significance except class II of borderline mucinous malignancy.
CONCLUSION
Loss of HLA class I and II molecules in invasive ovarian cancers raises the possibility that this could be a mechanism for tumor cells to have invasiveness.

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Growth Regulation of Ovarian Cancer Cells through the Inactivation of AP-1 by Retinoid Derivatives: Young Me Koh, Jong Sup Park, Sung Eun Namkoong, So Young Lee, Soo A Kim, Kyong Ja Hong, Soo Jong Um; J Korean Cancer Assoc. 2000;32(6):1043-1049.

Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
The growth regulatory effect of retinoid derivatives could be mediated by the transcriptional inactivation of AP-1 oncogenic transcription factor. By using ovarian cancer cell lines we were to investigate the cross-regulation mechanism between retinoids and AP-1.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Cell proliferation assays were performed in 4 ovarian cancer cells (A2774, PA-1, OVCAR-3, SKOV-3) by increasing the concentrations of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), 9-cis retinoic acid (9RA), 13-cis RA (13RA), 4-hydroxyphenyl retinamide (4-HPR). Transient transfection and CAT ELISA were done to determine the selective activity of each retinoid on the RAR (alpha, beta, gamma), RXR (alpha, beta, gamma). and the negative activity on AP-1 (c-Jun).
RESULTS
Antiproliferative effect of 4-HPR (IC50; 0.7~2.7 micrometer) was more potent than those of other retinoid derivatives (IC50; 2.7~9.0 micrometer). To assess the anticancer mechanism, we examined the effect of 4-HPR on the transriptional activity of retinoic acid receptors (RAR/RXR) and of c-jun. Contrary to other retinoid derivatives that are active for RAR and RXR with some different levels, 4-HPR showed weak activity only for RARgamma. However, 4-HPR exerted the strongest suppression on AP-1 (c-Jun) activity.
CONCLUSION
Based on our results showing much 4-HPR's potent antiproliferative activity coupled with the most effectively inhibiting activity on AP-1 and minimum activity on RA receptor (selective for RARgamma) than other retinoid derivatives, we suggest that 4-HPR may be a novel, and very effective anticancer drugs for ovarian cancer.

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p21WAF1/CIP1 Codon 31 Polymorphism in Korean Women: Association with Cervical Cancer Susceptibility and Prognosis: Ju Won Roh, Kyung Sun Kim, Jae Weon Kim, Moon Hong Kim, Hyun Hoon Chung, Noh Hyun Park, Yong Sang Song, Soon Beom Kang, Hyo Pyo Lee; J Korean Cancer Assoc. 2000;32(6):1050-1058.

Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
The aim of this study was to determine whether certain genotype of p21WAF1/Cip1 might be associated with risk of cervical cancer in Korean women.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We used the specimens derived from cervical cancer (n=111) composed of two histologic groups; SCCA (n=67) and adenocarcinoma (n=44), CIN III (n=101) and controls (n=98). For the determination of p21WAF1/Cip1 polymorphism, DNA was examined by PCR-RFLP using BsmAI. We compared the distribution of p21WAF1/Cip1 genotype of Korean women with that of other ethnic groups and analyzed the distribution of invasive cancer, CIN III and controls.
RESULTS
The genotype frequency of controls was different from that of Caucasian and Chinese (p<0.001) but similar to that of Japanese (p=0.21). There was no difference in the genotype frequency of p21WAF1/Cip1 among SCCA, CIN III and controls (p>0.05). A significant increase of Ser/Ser genotype was found in adenocarcinoma patients with high-risk HPV compared with the controls (p=0.009). The OR was 3.59, 95% CI=1.55~8.31, when comparing that group with controls. However, we could not find differences of prognosis.
CONCLUSION
We found that codon 31 Ser/Ser homozygote of the p21WAF1/Cip1 would be a risk factor for the adenocarcinoma of cervix associated with high-risk HPV in Korean women.

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High Dose Chemotherapy with Ifosfamide, Carboplatin, and Etoposide Followed by Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation in Breast Cancer: Soo Mee Bang, Se Hoon Lee, Eun Kyung Cho, Jung Ae Lee, Young Suk Park, Dong Bok Shin, Jae Hoon Lee, Yung Jue Bang, Seonyang Park, Byoung Kook Kim, Noe Kyeong Kim; J Korean Cancer Assoc. 2000;32(6):1059-1066.

Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
To establish the feasibility of high dose ifosfamide, carboplatin, and etoposide (ICE) chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) in patients with high-risk or metastatic breast cancer.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
High-risk breast cancer is defined as 10 or more involved axillary lymph nodes (n=3) or stage III (n=2). Patients with metastatic cancer have relapsed diseases after curative resection (n=10) or initially metastatic lesion (n=1). Colony stimulating factor with either cyclophosphamide or combination chemotherapy was administered to mobilize the stem cells. High dose chemotherapy consisted of ifosfamide 16 g/m2, carboplatin 1.8 g/m2, and etoposide 0.75 g/m2 (dose I) and later modified to ifosfamide 12 g/m2, carboplatin 1.35 g/m2, and etoposide 1.2 g/m2 (dose II).
RESULTS
The median duration of grunulocyte nadir (<500/ microliter) was 11 (10~17) days and platelet transfusion dependency (<20,000/ microliter) was 11 (7~53) days in 14 patients who achieved engraftment. One out of 5 patients with high-risk breast cancer relapsed after high dose therapy. Two patients remain disease-free at 18th and 40th months. Two among the 4 patients treated with dose I died due to treatment-related complications. The responses of metastatic diseases to ICE chemotherapy were 1 continuing CR, 1 CR, 1 PR, 4 SD and 3 PD in 10 evaluable patients.
CONCLUSION
High dose ICE chemotherapy, especially dose II and ASCT were feasible in high-risk or metastatic breast cancer.

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Correlation of GLUT-1 Expression and F-18-FDG Uptake on Positron Emission Tomography in Breast Carcinoma: Gi Jeong Cheon, June Key Chung, Bo Kwang Kim, Yong Jin Lee, Dong Young Noh, Ja June Jang, Jeong Seok Yeo, Jae Min Jeong, Dong Soo Lee, Myung Chul Lee; J Korean Cancer Assoc. 2000;32(6):1067-1074.

Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
Fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (F-18-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) has been proven to be useful in the detection of breast cancer. However, the degree of FDG uptake was variable. In this study, we evaluated the relationship between glucose transporter-1 (GLUT-1) expression with the FDG uptake in patients with breast cancer.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
15 patients with proven breast cancer underwent F-18-FDG PET. After surgical resection, anti-GLUT-1 immunohistochemical staining was performed in tumor tissues to measure the GLUT-1 expression. We evaluated the correlation between semi-quantitative FDG uptake by standardized uptake value (SUV) and GLUT-1 expression.
RESULTS
In total 15 patients, there was no significant correlation between SUV and GLUT-1 expression. We separated the patients into two groups according to the tumor size. In the group of large tumor (short diameter > or =2 cm), there was no significant correlation. However, in the group of small tumor (short diameter <2 cm), there was a significant correlation between the FDG uptake and GLUT-1 expression (rho=0.812, p=0.047).
CONCLUSION
GLUT-1 expression can influence the FDG uptake in the small breast cancers. For large breast cancers, other factors as well as GLUT-1 expression may influence the FDG uptake.

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N-nitrosomorpholine Directed Preneoplastic Reprogramming of Nuclear Metabolism of Rat Hepatocytes: Min Chan Kim, Jin Sook Jeong, Yong Chun Choi, Ghap Joong Jung, Sang Soon Kim; J Korean Cancer Assoc. 2000;32(6):1075-1083.

Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
An attempt was made to investigate N-nitrosomorpholine (NNM) induced carcinogenic processes in rat liver.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Rats were fed with NNM (200 mg/l) for 7 weeks, after then stopped. Length of telomere and activity of telomerase were analyzed. Hepatocytes were isolated and grown on tissue culture. Heat shock was treated at 43oC, and patterns of cell death ere evaluted by fluorescent study. Nuclei and nucleoli were isolated for analysis of various signal molecules.
RESULTS
Shortening of telomere length presented in NNM treated liver, but induction of telomerase was not found. Ex vivo hepatocytes from 10~12th week showed increased heat shock resistance at 43oC. NNM-treated hepatocytes exhibited heat shock induced cell death (necrosis) after 7 hours, whereas the control showed necrosis after 3 hours. The signal molecules related to nucleolar growth revealed increased expression which included B23, C23, p38, Erk1/2 and p120. Partial degradation of B23 and Erk2 was noted in necrosis of NNM treated hepatocytes induced by heat shock.
CONCLUSION
The hepatocytes at the stage of 10~12th week in the stop experiment of NNM are situated in the tumour promotion. Those cells showed various metabolic alterations. We found that the increased growth related signals were accompanied with increased heat shock resistance, telomere shortening but no induction of telomerase.

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Establishment of a Screenig Test System for Early Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in High-Risk Patients and the Evaluation of Its Effectiveness: Kwang Hyub Han, Sang Hoon Ahn, Dong Ki Kim, Ki Joon Song, Jung Il Jeong, Kwan Sik Lee, Jae Bock Chung, Chae Yoon Chon, Young Myoung Moon, Il Suh, Jung Mo Nam; J Korean Cancer Assoc. 2000;32(6):1084-1092.

Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
To evaluate the effectiveness of clinic-based screening program for early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to assess the risk factors of HCC in Korea.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The data of 14,259 patients who had ultrasonography (US) due to chronic liver diseases were collected into a data base program from 1990 to 1998.
RESULTS
A total of 4,339 patients were enrolled who had repeated US. 237 patients were diagnosed as HCC during follow-up (mean 33 months). The tumor size detected by screening within a 6-months interval was significantly smaller than that of a longer interval (2.7 cm vs 3.9 cm, P<0.01). The smaller the tumor was at detection, the longer the survival time was. Only 29.9% of HCC patients had an elevated serum alpha-fetoprotein (alphaFP) level above 400 ng/ml. Multivariate analysis showed liver cirrhosis, chronic hepatitis B or C and old age over 40 years to be significantly associated with an increased risk of HCC.
CONCLUSION
The US screening within a 6-months interval is beneficial to high-risk patients over 40 years old through the early detection of HCC and prolonged survival. According to the risk factors, the necessity for screening test and proper interval should be reconsidered.

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Risk Factors in Anticancer Chemotherapy Induced Thrombocytopenia Requiring Platelet Transfusion: Jong Hwa Lee, Jee Sook Hahn, Queh Park, Yun Woong Ko; J Korean Cancer Assoc. 2000;32(6):1093-1099.

Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
Severe thrombocytopenia is a rare but life threatening side effect of anticancer chemotherapy. This study is for delineating risk factors for anticancer chemotherapy induced thrombocytopenia requiring platelet transfusion in cancer patients.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Ninety seven cases of cancers (stomach cancer 37, lung cancer 31 and breast cancer 29) were included in this study design. Complete blood cell counts were done at day 1 and then twice a week to find lowerest thrombocyte count in each cycle. Discriminant analysis of risk factors for chemotherapy induced thrombocytopenia requiring platelet transfusion were performed.
RESULTS
Anticancer chemotherapy induced thrombocytopenia less than 150,000/ microliter developed in 18 cases (20.0%) at day 20.6 8.0 and mean platelet count was 111,060 35,360/ microliter. Thrombocytopenia less than 100,000/ microliter developed in 10 cases (10.3%) at day 20.2 6.9 and mean platelet count was 56,200 30,460/ microliter. Among them platelet transfusions were needed in 6 cases (6.2%). Using discrininant analysis, day 1 platelet count less than 150,000/ microliter with total lymphocyte count less than 900/ microliter were identified as risk factors for anticancer chemotherapy induced thrombocytopenia requiring platelet transfusion.
CONCLUSION
Thrombocytopenia less than 150,000 microliter with total lymphocyte count less than 900/ microliter before administrating anticancer drugs are high risk factors for platelet transfusion, and needed proper managements.

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C-erbB-2 Protein Expression and Correlation in Sera and Tumors of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients: Hun Mo Ryoo, Sang Yeop Lee, Kyung Hee Lee, Myung Soo Hyun, Mi Jin Kim; J Korean Cancer Assoc. 2000;32(6):1100-1108.

Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
We have examined the expression of c-erbB-2 oncogene in sera and tissues of non-small cell lung cancer patients.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Serum levels of c-erbB-2 protein were measured by an enzyme im munoassay in 55 patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Sera from patients with surgical therapy were evaluated again after surgery. Immunohistochemical staining was performed in 47 of these tumors.
RESULTS
Elevated levels (> or =45 U/mL, control mean 2SD) were observed in 15% of 55 non-small cell lung cancer patients, as compared with none of control subjects (p<0.05). The incidence of elevated level was higher in the adenocarcinoma than squamous cell carcinoma (22% vs 4%, p<0.01). The serum levels of c-erbB-2 protein decreased significantly after surgical tumor ablation (p<0.01). Tissue overexpression was obtained in 23/47 cases (49%). The incidence of c-erbB-2 overexpression was higher in the adenocarcinoma (73% vs 29%, p<0.005). No relationship was found between c-erbB-2 protein expression in serum and tumor tissue and clinicopathologic feature. Elevated serum c-erbB-2 levels predicted tissue overexpression with sensitivity 30% and specificity 96%. There was relationship between serum level and expression in tumor tissue of c-erbB-2 protein.
CONCLUSION
Serum and tissue levels of c-erbB-2 correlate in patients with non-small cell carcinoma. Serum c-erbB-2 protein may be a useful indicator of tumor burden in patients with non-small cell lung cancer.

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Usefulness of Change of Telomerase Activity as a Predictive Assay for Radiation Response: Hong Gyun Wu, Young Jue Kim, Il Han Kim, Charn Il Park, Sung Whan Ha; J Korean Cancer Assoc. 2000;32(6):1109-1114.

Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
A sensitive predictive assay is necessary to determine the total radiation dose according to sensitivity of individual cancer cell lines. This study is performed to determine whether the radiation sensitivity is correlated with the changes in telomerase activity after irradiation.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Two colorectal cancer cell lines with different radiation sensitivity were used. In order to confirm the difference in radiation sensitivity, we used a calorimetric assay. Telomerase activities were measured using the PCR-based telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP).
RESULTS
We confirmed the difference in radiation sensitivity between NCI-H630 and NCI-H716. Survival fractions at 2 Gy were 0.836 for NCI-H630 and 0.317 for NCI-H716. Telomerase activity increased after irradiation with NCI-H630, which was more resistant to radiation, whereas telomerase activity decreased with NCI-H730. But dose-dependent change of telomerase activity was not confirmed.
CONCLUSION
Our results suggested that telomerase activity change after irradiation could be used as a predictive assay for radiation response. Further studies with different cell lines and tumor tissues are necessary.

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Radiologic Placement of Subcutaneous Infusion Ports in Cancer Patients: Analysis of 45 Cases: Seok Goo Cho, Sang Heum Kim, Ha Hun Song, Sun Hwa Song, Kwan Hyong Lee, Dae Young Chung, Hye Jung Lee, Sul Hye Kim, Ki Tae Kim, Chun Choo Kim; J Korean Cancer Assoc. 2000;32(6):1115-1121.

Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
We undertook this study to evaluate the usefullness of radiologic placement of subcutaneous infusion ports (SIP).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Between August 1999 and May 2000 we performed 45 implantations of SIP in radiologic suite. Both sonography and fluoroscopy were used for venipuncture and to guide port insertion. We prospectively evaluated 45 systems in 45 patients with solid tumors.
RESULTS
Median follow-up time was 189 days (61~352 days). Technical success rate is 100% without any venipuncture-related complications. Early complication rate within 30 days of procedure was 4.4%, including wound dehiscence (n=1) and pocket hematoma and local infection (n=1). Catheter-related infection rate was 6.7% and catheter-related venous thrombosis rate was 4.4%. Mean duration of catheter use was 208 96 days (total, 9,381 days). Overall port survival rate was 38.5%, and four systems (8.9%) were prematurely removed because of catheter tunnel infection (n=1), pocket infection (n=1), and central venous thrombosis (n=2).
CONCLUSION
Radiologic placement of SIP had higher success rate and equal or lower complication rate compared with reported conventional surgical technique using anatomical landmarks. Moreover, clinical convenience, resulting from ease of scheduling could make it replace surgical method.

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The Toxicity of Cisplatin Administered by Isolated Lung Perfusion in Dogs: Ho Seok I, Kwhanmien Kim, Jhingook Kim, Young Mog Shim, Jungho Han, Sung Sae Han; J Korean Cancer Assoc. 2000;32(6):1122-1132.

Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
This research was designed to evaluate the chronic effect of isolated lung perfusion (ILP) with cisplatin on dogs.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Fifteen dogs were divided into three groups. Group I was in ILP without cisplatin, group II with 2.5 mg/kg and group III with 5.0 mg/kg of cisplatin for 30 minutes respectively. Serial blood samples were taken before and after ILP for quantitative analysis of serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and blood urea nitrogen/creatinine (BUN/Cr). The specimens from the lung were obtained 2 weeks after ILP.
RESULTS
There were no statistic significant differences in LDH concentration according to the time interval among the groups. The LDH concentration peaked at 1 week after ILP and declined thereafter to the pre-ILP concentration. The concentration of BUN/Cr was in normal range. Histologic examination showed no pathologic change. No significant histopathologic differences were found in the pulmonary parenchyme and vasculature among the groups. All of the dogs survived without complication 2 weeks after ILP.
CONCLUSION
In ILP with cisplatin of 5.0 mg/kg in normal dog, the toxicity of cisplatin itself was not observed. With further study about the technique of ILP with cisplatin it would be effective to deliver high concentration of cisplatin into the target tissue minimizing lung damage.

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