Cancer Research and Treatment

The Promoting Effect of Capsaicin on the Development of Diethylnicrosamine-initiated Enzyme Altered Hepatic Foci in Male Sprague - Dewley Rats: Ja Jung Jang, Sugn Ho Kim; J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1988;20(1):1-8.

Abstract PDF: The modification potentials of capsaicin on the development of immunohistochemical glutathione S-transferase (placental type) positive (GST-P) liver cell foci were examined in an in vivo mid-term assay system. Rats were given a single intraperitoneal injection of diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and then 0.002% capsaicin in drinking water (Group 1) or tap water (Group 2) from week 2 till termination in week 8. All rats of groups I and 2 were subjected to two-thirds partial hepatectomy in week 3. Control (Group 3) rats were given capsaicin only. Rats were given capsaicin showed no significant changes in body and liver weights. However, capsaicin with DEN caused significant enhancement of GST-P positive foci in numbers, areas and mean maximum diameter. These results suggest that capsaicin has significant promoting potential in rat hepatic carcinogenesis.

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Effects of Dietary Polyunsaturated Fat and Vitamin E on the 1 , 2 - Dimethylhydrazine - induced Colorectal Tumorigenesis in Rats: Young Jin Song, Sun Whe Kim, Jin Pok Kim, Yong Il Kim; J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1988;20(1):8-24.

Abstract PDF: Epidemiologic studies have implicated high-fat diet as a major contributing factor in the develop- ment of human colorectal cancer. Animal model studies have also provided the evidence for the promoting effect of high-fat diet on the 1,2-dimethylhydrazine(DMH)-or azoxymethane(AOM)- induced colorectal tumorigenesis. But there are no reported epidemiologic studies correlation vitamin E consumption with colorectal cancer incidence rates worldwide. In animal model, the effect of vitamin E enriched diet on DMH-or AOM-induced colorectal tumorigenesis still remains controver- sial. The purpose of the present experiment is to elucidate the effect of moderate-fat diet and vitamin E enriched diet on colorectal tumorigenesis in female Wistar rats. The experimental diets, based on regular rat chow obtained from Sam-Yang Oil & Feed Co. Ltd. were as follows: 1) regular diet, 2) 5 % soybean oil added diet, 3) 5% soybean oil and vitamin E (4001U/kg diet) added diet, 4) vitamin E (400 IU/kg diet) added diet. Animals were fed the experimental diet for a 3-week acclimatization period. Each dietary group was divided into two subgroups and all animals received a 5-week course of weekly subcutaneous injection of either DMH (40 mg/kg body weight) or saline-EDTA solution. Animals were fed the experimental diet until the termination of the experiment. Animals were sacrificed 25 weeks after the first injection. All of 73 saline-EDTA treated rats developed no colorectal tumor. Soybean oil added diet group and vitamin E added diet group showed slightly higher incidence (% of animals with tumors) and multiplicity (tumors/animal) of colorectal tumors than the regular diet group did, but soybean oil and vitamin E added diet group showed significantly higher incidence and multiplicity of colorectal tumors than regular diet group did (p<0.025). Tumors were larger (p>0.1), and carcinomas were numerous (p<0.01) in the groups receiving excess vitamin E supplement to their diet. The above results suggest the synergistic interaction between 5% polyunsaturated fat and excess vitamin E in diet on DMH-induced colorectal tumorigenesis in female Wistar rats

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Cytotoxicities and Proliferation Responses in Lymphokine Activated Killer ( LAK ) Cells and Oxydizing Mitogen Activated Killer ( OMAK ) Cells: Hwi Joong Yoon, Kyung Sam Cho, Mun Ho Lee; J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1988;20(1):24-35.

Abstract PDF: LAK (lymphokine acitivated killer) cells, generated by incubation of lymphocytes with interleukin 2 (IL2), have cytotoxicity against fresh tumor cells, and adoptive immunotherapy of cancer with LAK is on clinical trial. OMAK (oxydiiing mitogen activated killer) cells are generated by incubation of oxydizing mitogen treated lymphocytes with IL2. This study was designed to compare the cytotox- icities and the proliferation responses of LAK and OMAK at various human AB serum (HABS) concentrations and durations of culture. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells, treated (OMAK) or untreated (LAK) with periodate, were incubated in RPM11640 with 10% IL2 and various concentrations of HABS. Proliferation responses were measured by H-thmidine uptake and cytotoxicites against K562 and RC29 (NK resistant) were measured by 4-hour Cr release method. OMAK showed higher prolfieration response and cytotoxicity against K562 and RC29 than LAK at 2nd day of culture with 5% HABS. Proliferation responses of LAK and OMAK increased in HABS added culture but cytotoxicities did not. Rather, cytotoxicities were hihger in LAK and OMAK cultured without HABS. Proliferation responses were not apparent at 1st day of culture. Peak responses were at 7th day in LAK and at 4th day in OMAK. Cytotoxicities against K562 were apparent at 1st day of culture in LAK and OMAK, and peaked at 4th day in LAK and at 3rd day in OMAK, but increment of cytotoxicities were only slight. Cytotoxicities against RC29 appeared at 2nd day in LAK and at 1st day in OMAK. LAK showed peak cytotoxicity from 3rd day to 7th day, but OMAK showed peak cytotoxicity at 3rd day and decreased afterwards. OMAK may have more advantages than LAK because of its higher and earlier-generated cytotoxicity.

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Natural Killer Cell Activity of Peripheral Lymphocytes from Postoperative Longterm Survivor Patients in Stomach Cancer: Song Kim, Sun Whe Kim, Jin Pok Kim; J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1988;20(1):35-43.

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Altered Production of Neuron Specific Enolase and Creatine Kinase - BB in Cisplation Resistant Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells: Weon Seon Hong, Kanefusa Kato, Hidenobu Takahashi, Yasutsuna Sasaki, Nagahiro Saijo; J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1988;20(1):43-47.

Abstract PDF: We attempted to investigate the influence of immunochemosurgery on peripheral natural killer cell activity of longterm survivor patients, and to compare the results of immediate postoperative patients and that of longterm survivor patients. The natural killer cell activity of 95 stomach cancer patients was studied preoperativley and postoperatively, and the following results were obtained: 1) The mean natural killer cell activity of longterm survivors among the patients who had received curative surgery for gastric carcinoma was 34.20+14.56%, which was significantly higher than that of preoperative patients (P < 0.01). And the value of early postoperative group was 43.37+-19.89%, also significantly higher than that of preoperative patients (P<0.01). 2) The mean natural killer cell activity of 22 patients with perigastic lymph node invasion was 30. 57+-12.23%, lower than that of other 32 patients who had no invasion (P<0.05). 3) There was no correlation between the natural killer cell activity and the percent values of the T-cell count, weight loss, age and sex, clinical stage, or depth of serosal invasion.

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Stability of 5-Fluorouracil in Large Volume Parenteral Solutions Containing Cisplatin: Kyung E. Choi, Joseph A. Sinkule, Richard L. Schilsky, Scott C. MeGrath; J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1988;20(1):47-53.

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Experimental Cancer Chemotherapy of 5-Fluorouracil-Cisplatin ( FP ) Entrapped with Liposomes ( 2 ): Yong Wun Ryu, Jhin Oh Lee; J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1988;20(1):53-59.

Abstract PDF: The authors have investigated the effect of 5-Fluorouracil and Cisplatin entrapped with liposomes in experimental cancer chemotherapy. As already known, Cisplatin alone may produce severe kidney damage, hearing loss, and bone marrow depression etc. When Cisplatin or FP were entrapped with liposomes, the entrapped drugs offered better therapeutic effects in some aspects. In tumar response test, the effects of FP entrapped with liposomes were dose-related on ICR mice bearing Sarcoma 180 cells. In toxicity test, the liposomally entrapped drug reduced the severity of leukopenia and the elevation of serum uric acid significantly than the nonentrapped drug did.

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The Treatment Results of Non - Metastatic Wilms'tumor by Multimodality Approach: Jin Sil Seong, John J. K. Loh, Chang Ok Suh, Gwi Eon Kim, H. J. Chung, I. J. Choi, Byung Soo Kim; J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1988;20(1):59-67.

Abstract PDF: Forty-two cases of non-metastatic Wilms tumor, treated at Dept. of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, between January 1970 and September 1984 were retrospectively analysed. With the introduction of well-planned multimodality concept, 26 patients were treated in this manner (group A), and multimodality treatment consist of surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy and details of treatment regimen are described. Prior to introduction of multimodality concept, 16 patients were treated by rather individual basis with diversities of multimodalities which was not well-planned (group B). Two year relapse free survival rate of group A and group B was 88% and 31%, respectively (p< 0.05). By stage in group A, 2 yr. RFS for stage I, II, and III showed 92%, 88%, and 80%, respectively. The most significant prognostic factor was histologic subtype, i.e., favorable vs, unfavorable histology (p<0.005). Other prognostic factors included weight of tumor mass and status of lymph node involvement (p<0.05). From this study it can be concluded that; 1. well-planned multimodality approach to Wilms tumor can produce far superior survival relative to that of not well planned, 2. similar good results can also applied to even in the advanced stage, 3. significant prognostic factors are histologic subtype, weight of tumor mass, and status of lymph node involvement.

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5-FU Infusion and Cisplatin in Patients with Disseminated or Recurrent Head and Neck Cancer: Jae Hoon Lee, Sung Soo Yoon, Keun Chil Park, Seung Taek Kim, Yung Jue Bang, Noe Kyeong Kim, Kwang Hyun Kim, Yang Gi Min, Charn Il Park; J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1988;20(1):67-73.

Abstract PDF: 56 patients with dissminated or recurrent head and neck cancer were treated with 5-FU infusion and cisplatin between July, 1983 and June, 1986. The results were as follows; 1) Among 54 evaluable patients, response rate was 48.1% (complete responses 7.4% partial responses 40.7%).Response rates of disseminated and recurrent group were 88.9% and 40%, respectively (p<0. 05). 2) Median time to disease progression was 4.4 months for overall patients, and 7.5 months and 2. 9 month for responders and nonresponders; there was statistically significant difference (P<0.05). 3) Median survival was 15.3 month for overall patients and 24.5 month and 9.2 month for responders and nonresponders; there was statistically significant difference (P<0.05). 4) Nausea and vomitting were observed in all patients but easily controlled, and stomatitis, alopecia, diarrhea were obrerved infrequently, 1eukopenia and thrombocytopenia were observed in 25, 9% and 1, 9%, In conclusion, combination chemotherapy with 5 FV infusion and cisplatin in patients with disseninated or recurrent head and neck cancer seemed to be relatively effective and well tolerable.

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Clinical Experience of Neutron Therapy in Various Cancers - A Preliminary Peport of Short Term Result -: Seong Yul Yoo, Kyoung Hwan Koh, Chul Koo Cho; J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1988;20(1):73-82.

Abstract PDF: The advantage of radiation effect of neutron beam is its higher Relative Biological Effectiveness (RBE) than conventional X or gamma ray because the neutron beam is densely ionizing radiation which is presented by high Linear Energy Transfer (LET). This physical and radiobiological charac- teristics does more effective role in killing of cells in the state of biologically radioresistant to the conventional radiation. In relation to this theoretical base, the rationale of high LET radiation in the application to clinical radiotherapy is summarized as, 1) high oxygen enhancement ratio, 2) less repair of cell damage, and 3) less dependence of radiosensitivity of cell cycle. The Department of Therapeutic Radiology of Korea Cancer Center Hospital started first neutron therapy on October 15, 1986 by KCCH-Cyclotron which is the first cyclotron in Korea. The authors analyzed the experience of effectiveness of neutron irradiation in various cancer of 48 patients who had been treated during until September 15, 1987 The conclusion is as follows; 1) Fast neutron therapy achieve high local control rate in prostate, salivary gland, bone and soft tissue malignances. 2) Fast Neution therapy may increase local control rate in advanced head and neck, metastatic neck node, breast cancer and brain tumor. 3) Fast neutron therapy may have a role in giant mass, post operative recurrence and mesenchymal tumor which cannot be controlled by low LET radiation. 4) Palliative fast neutron therapy may have a role to prolong the life time. 5) It is considered that the result of treatment will be improved by development of treatment technique of fast neutron beam.

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Neadjuvant Chemotherapy with 5-Fluorouracil Infusion and Cisplatin Followed by Radiotherapy for Locally Advanced Head and Neck Cancer: Yung Jue Bang, Sung Soo Yoon, Keun Chil Park, Jae Hoon Lee, Seung Taek Kim, Noe Kyeong Kim, Charn Il Park, Kwang Hyun Kim, Yang Gi Min; J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1988;20(1):82-90.

Abstract PDF: Thirty-two patients with previously untreated, locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck were treated with 2 or 3 cycles of combination chemotherapy consisting of 5- fluorouracil infusion and cisplatin (FP), followed by curative radiotherapy. Three patients(9%) achieved complete respanses and 25(78%), partial responses after neaadjuvant chemotherapy. Follow- ing subsequent radiotherapy, 16(50%) achieved complete responses and 14(44%), partial responses, giving overall response rate of 94% with a median duration of response of 24.0+ and 9.5 months, respectively. The median survivals of the patients with complete and partial responses were 24.0+ and 11.0 months, respectively. The median survival of the patients with complete responses were significantly prolonged in comparison with that of those with partial responses. Toxicities from the treatments were common, but most of which were easily manageable and transient, with no treatment-related fatalities.

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