Cancer Research and Treatment

Immunological Studies on the Antitumor Component of Lyophyllum decastes ( 2 ): Chang Ock Lee, Eung Chil Choi, Byong Kak Kim; J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1987;19(2):57-63.

Abstract PDF: Lyophyllan A was isolated as an antitumor component from Lyophyllum decstes. To elucidate mechanisms of its antitumor activity, its effects on immune response were examined. Lyophyllan A restored the suppressed delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction in tumor-bearing mice up to 85.7% of the normal level. Also lyophyllan A enhanced in vivo generation of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. When effects of lyophyllan A on natural killer cells that are one of the important nonspecific evvector cells were examined, it augmented natural killer activity in the spleen cells of mice. These results showed that lyophyllan A is an immunopotentiator.

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Effects of Chemotherapeutic Agents and Polysaccharide-K Combination Therapy on Natural Killer Cell Activitiy in Stomach Cancer Patients: Young Hwan Chung, Chang Min Kim, Jhin Oh Lee, Sung Kee Jo, Taik Ku Yun; J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1987;19(2):63-68.

Abstract PDF: This study was performed to evaluate effects of chemotherapeutic agents and polysaccharide-K combination therapy on natural killer cell activity in 29 patients with inoperable stomach cancer. Of total 29 patienta 9 patients received chemotherapy and krestin and 12 patients received chemotherapy and copolang. In 8 control patiente, only chemotherapy was given. All groups showed the decreasing tendency in NK cell activity after 4 weeks' treatment, but in contrast to control group, krestin and copolang group revealed the inclination to restore NK cell activity after H weeks' treatment. There was significant decrease in peripheral lymphocytes count after 8 weeks treatment. No difference in clinical outcome was found during follow up periods among the groups. We expect that the long-term administration of polysaccharide-K would give beneficial effects on inoperable patients with stomach cancer through the mechanism involving augmentation of NK cell activity.

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Testing of LAK Cell Activity Using a Tetrazolium-based Colorimetric ( MTT ) Assay: Jae Gahb Park, Oh Hoong Kwon, Sun Whe Kim, Jin Pok Kim, Kyung Soo Hahm, Moon H. Han; J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1987;19(2):68-79.

Abstract PDF: Peripheral blood lymphocytes of normal individuals can be activated by culture with recombinant Interleukin-2 (donated by Genetic Engineering Center, KAIST, Seoul, Korea) leading to expression of cytotoxic activity toward on colorectal carcinoma cell line SNU-C5. After 4 days incubation, the LAK cells were removed by 4 times washing and the number of live target cells in the microtest plates were counted by the tetazolium-based colorimetric (MTT) assay and the survival rate of the target cells was calculated against the control in which the target cells were incubated without Interleukin-2 and effector cells. During 5 days culture, the recombinant KAIST Interleukin-2 induced the potent LAK cells at the concentration of 0.1 U/ml. After 4 days incubation, almost all target cells (SNU-C5) were killed by the LAK cells of 5 days culture when the Effector:Target ratio were 10 : 1 and 5 : l. SNU C5 represented high adhesiveness to the culture flask and microtest plate bottom, so it can be used for the tetazolium based colorimetric (MTT) assay. Tetrazolium-based colorimetric (MTT) assay shows good carrelation between spectrophotometric absorbance and cell number, and it is long-term assay over other cytotoxicity test methods, so semiautomated MTT assay offers a valid. rapid, and simple method to assess cytotoxicity of LAK cells.

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Alternating Chemotherapy with VIP ( VP-16-213 , Ifosfamide , Cis-Platinum ) and CSV ( Cyclophosphamide , Adriamycin , Vincristi: Soon Nam Lee, Dae Seog Heo, Noe Kyeong Kim, Young Soo Shim, Keun Youl Kim, Keun Youl Kim, Charn Il Park; J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1987;19(2):79-87.

Abstract PDF: Non-cross resistant regimen consisting of VIP rapidly alternating with CAV has been studied in 45 patients with small cell lung cancer. VP-16 60 mg/m i.v. on days 1-5, ifosfamide 1000 mg/m i.v. on days 1-5, and cis-platinum 60 mg/m i.v. on day 1 was alternated at interval of 3 weeks with cyclophosphamide 1000 mg/m i.v. on day 1, adriamycin 45 mg/m i.v. on day 1 and vincristine 1. 4 mg/m i.v. on day 1. For 27 patients with limited disease, indution chemotherapy with one cycle of VIP and CAV was followed by radiotherapy to primary tumor, both supraclavicular lymph nodes and prophylactic whole brain irradiation. Three to four weeks after the completion of radiotherapy, 12 cycles of VIP and CAV were maintained. Eighteen patients with extensive disease were treated with chemotherapy alone. The results obtained were as follows; I) A 92.6% overall response rate and 44.S% complete remission rate in limited disease and 61. 1% overall response rate and 11.1% complete remission rate in extensive disease were achieved. Overall resonse rate in both stage disease was 80.0% and the rate of complete and partial remission was 33.3% and 46.6% respectively. 2) The overall median duration of remission was 49.2 weeks. The median duration of remission was not reached in limited disease group (range, 4-92+weeks) and 34.5 weeks in extensive disease group. The duration of remission for the complete responders was much longer than that for the partial responders (P<0.01).

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Operative Treatment for Recurrent Gastrointestinal Malignancies: Seung Ik Ahn, Sun Whe Kim, Jae Gahb Park, Jin Pok Kim; J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1987;19(2):87-95.

Abstract PDF: Total of 146 patients, operated between January, 1974 and December, 1985 for recurrent or metastatic gastrointestinal malignancies were evaluated. Among them, the recurrent stomach cancers were 91 cases and the recurrent colorectal cancers were 37 cases. Age incidence was most prevalent in the 5th decade of life and male to female ratio was 1.1:l. In reoperated stomach cancers the recurrence was closely related to the clinical stage, histologic differentiation or number of metastatic lymph nodes, but in reoperated colorectal cancers those relations were not found. In 83 (64.8%) of 128 cases recurrences were detected within the first 2 years after primary operation and 59 (46.1%) were the local recurrences only. Clinical status due to the recurrences mainly were the intesinal obstruction and recurrence at anastomotic site. In recurrent colorectal cancers, distant metastasis were related with the higher CEA level and local recurrencies were related with the lower CEA level. In 11 (12.1%) of the recurrent stomach cancers and 10 (27.0%) of recurrent colorectal cancers, curative operations were performed. The postoperative complications were 2 cases and postoperative mortalities were 3 cases. The recurrent colorectal cancers revealed the loger survival time than the recurrent stomach cancers, and the curative resections were followed by the higer survival rates than the palliative operations.

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Dimethyl Triazeno Imidazole Carboxamide ( DTIC ) Therapy in Metastatic Malignant Melanoma: Keun Chil Park, Keun Chil Park, Jae Hoon Lee, Seung Taek Kim, Yung Jue Bang, Noe Kyeong Kim; J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1987;19(2):95-101.

Abstract PDF: Twenty-six patients with metastatic malignant melanoma were treated with dimethyl triazeno imidazole carboxamide (DTIC), at a dose of 250 mg/m' intravenously daily for 5 days every 3 weeks. Six of 26(23%) patients achieved partial remission with a median response duration of 15 weeks. The median survival from onset of thereapy was 28 weeks for all patients and 45 weeks for those who responded to chemotherapy. Toxicity was acceptable and easily controlled.

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5-Fluorouracil Continuous Infusion and Mitomycin-C ( FM ) Combination Chemotherapy for Metastatic or Recurrent Colorectal Cancer: Keun Chil Park, Sung Soo Yoon, Jae Hoon Lee, Seung Taek Kim, Yung Jue Bang, Noe Kyeong Kim, Jae Gahb Park, Kuhn Uk Lee, Sung Kuk Hong, Kuk Jin Choe, Soo Tae Kim, Sung Whan Ha, Charn Il Park; J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1987;19(2):101-107.

Abstract PDF: Between March, 1983 and June, 1986, 64 patients with metastatic or recurrent colorectal cancer were treated with a combination chemotherapy consisting of 5-fluorouracil (5-FV), 1,000 mg/m iv continuous infusion over .12 hours on day 1-5; mitomycin-C, 10 mg/m iv on day 1; cycled every 4 weeks. Among 46 patients with measurable lesions, none achieved complete remission and 5 (11%) achieved partial remissions. The median duration of remission was 31 weeks. Overall median survival was 49 weeks for all patients; 65 weeks for patients with remission; 51 weeks for those with stable disease; and 31 weeks for those with progressive disease, Greater response rates were observed in patient groups with age over 50, performance status 0-1, no previous history of chemotherapy, initial CEA level less than 10 ng/ml, or metastatic sites of lymph node, than in respective comparative patient groups. But, these differences did not achieved statistical significance. Toxicity was common, but generally mild to moderate and rapidly reversible.

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Clinical Study of Reoperation for Recurred Stomach Cancer: Chang Hyun Lee, Jae Gahb Park, Jin Pok Kim; J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1987;19(2):107-114.

Abstract PDF: Ninty two patients received reoperation for the recurrent stomach cancer surgery at the Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital from January 1974 to December 1985. We reviewed the medical records of 89 cases with available pathologic report. At the first operation, serosal invasinn was discovered in 76.4%, lymph node metastasis in 75. 3% and the cellular differentiation was poor in 68.5% of the cases. 66.7% of the cases showed recurrence within 2 years after the first operation. If the primary stomach cancer was deep to the serosal invasion with lymph node metastasis, the cancer was more recurred within 2 years after the first operation and curative reoperation was nearly impossible. The overall postoperative mortality was 10.4%. Curative reoperation could be carried out in 5 cases. Four cases were in patients with no serosal invasion of first operation and only one case was in serosal invasion with lymph node involvement. Relative curative reoperation was applied to the selective 10 cases in which only oophorectomy or mass excision could be done with findings of no other metastatsis at reoperative field. The 2 year survival rate and 5 year survival rate after reoperation of total cases were 11.0% and 2.1% respectively by the cohort life table method. We could find benefit of reoperation for the prolongation of the survival time in 15 cases. The survival time of curative and relative curative reoperation was significantly prolonged than palliative reoperation (P<0.05). The nodal status and the degree of invasion in the gastric wall were important for recurrence rate and reoperability of the stomach cancer.

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The Additive Analgesic Effect of Ibuprofen ( Motrin ) in the Pain Control of the Cancer Patients: Min Sang Yi, Young Soo Jun, Han Lim Moon, Young Seon Hong, Hoon Kyo Kim, Ho Yun Kim, Kyung Shik Lee, Dong Jip Kim; J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1987;19(2):114-119.

Abstract PDF: We have studied the additive analgesic effect of Ibuprofen (Motrin) to other analgesics, such as Acetaminophen, Codeine, and Morphine Tincture, in 29 cancer patients with pain. Ibuprofen was administered 600 mg every 6 hour orally in addition to the other 3 drugs. Ibuprofen had additive analgesic effect only in mild or moderate pain (effectivity 77.8%) but not in severe pain. The drug was more effective in localized pain than in systemic pain (p<0.002), but the reported superiority of the drug in bone pain could not be confirmed. The adverse effects of Ibuprofen was minimal in frequency and severity. In twenty six of the 29 studied patients (89.7%), the pain could be controlled with these 4 drugs, alone or in combination.

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A Case of Primary Malignant Lymhoma of the CNA: Cjul Sung Kwak, Jung Lim Lee, Dong Wook Kim, Sang Il Cheon, Sang Cheul Kim, Sae Kwang Moon, In Kyu Park; J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1987;19(2):119-125.

Abstract PDF: Primary CNS lym poma is a multifocal, infiltrative, malignant lymphoma that has a predilection for paraventricular areas. This tumor occurs with increased frequency in patients who are immunologically suppressed, particulary those with organ transplants or AIDS. Radiotherapy has traditionally been administered to patients with CNS lymphomas. But the failure in the brain at sites of other than those originally involved was common in spite of the use of whole brain irradiation. We experienced a case of a patient with primary CNS malignant lymphoma who had multicentric recurrence in spinal axis following whole brain radiotherapy. So we have reported the case with the review of previous literatures.

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Mesenchymal Chondrosarcoma of the Orbit: Kyoung Sun Park, Ho Yun Kim, Kyung Shik Lee, Dong Jip Kim, Sei Chul Yoon, Jae Mun Lee, Kyung Sub Shinn, Jin Chul Kim, Poong Lim; J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1987;19(2):125-131.

Abstract PDF: The histological features of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma was first described by Lichtenstein and Bernstein (1959), consist of primitive undifferentiated mesenchymal cells in which islands of cartilage are noted. To date, about 100 cases of mesenchymal chandrosarcoma have been described, 67 per cent occured in bone and 33 per cent were extraskeletal. Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma of the orbit is a exceedingly rare tumor. Seven mesenchyma1 chondrosarcoma of the orbit have been described in the literature. It characteristically occurs in young females and presents with proptosis and pain. The diagnosis is made on the distinctive histologic characteristics and not on the clinical findings. The tumor is composed of rich cellular and undifferentiated mesenchymal cells and well-differentiated cartilage. The treatment is exenteration. We report a case of 22-year old female patient with mesenchymal chondrosarcoma of the orbit. The treatment in this case described was exenteration followed by X-ray therapy.

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One Year Report for Cancer Register Programme in the Republic of Korea July 1 , 1985 - June 30 , 1986: Ministry of Health and Social Affairs; J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1987;19(2):131-259.

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