Cancer Research and Treatment

Heterotransplantation of Cell Line ( SS-I ) derived from Human Stomach Adenocarcinoma in Athymic Nude Mice: Jin Pok Kim, Jae Gahb Park, Han Kwang Yang, ng Yong Cha, Shin Yong Moon, Woo Ho Kim, Yong Il Kim, Woo Hyun Chang, Mun Ho Lee; J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1984;16(2):229-233.

Abstract PDF: The result of subcutaneous inoculation of SS-1(Seoul National University, Adenocarcinoma of the Stomach) cell line"' into nude mice is described Three million SS-I cells from passage 29 were injected subcutaneously into the subscapular area of a 57-day-old male nude mouse. But tumor was not produced. Twenty million and one hundred thousand SS-I cells from passage 35-37 were injected into a 27-day-old male nude mouse. After eight days seven million and eight hundred SS-I cells from pasaage 39-40 were injected again into the same site of the mouse. Nineteen days after initial injection: a.tumor became visible at the site of inoculation. After 53 days, the nude mouse died due to wasting by the huge tumor. Sixty-six million SS-I cells from passage 42-45 were injected into a 26-day-old male nude mouae. After 18 days a tumor became visible and it grew fast. After 53 days the tumor measured. 20.8 x 20. 1 x 15.0 mm and the tumot was subpassed to a 21-day-old male nude mouse. After 58days from the first subpassage the.' tumor measured 26. 4 x 22. 4 x 12. 5 mm and the tumor was subpassed again to a 44-day-old male nude mouse. Doubling time of the tumor was about 5.5 days. Histopathalogically the tumors produced in nude mice. were similar to the human tumor of arigin.

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Establishment of Cell Line ( SC-1 ) Derived from Human Colon Adenocarcinoma: Jae Gahb Park, Dae Hyun Yang, Jung Taik Kim, Han Kwang Yang, Jin Pok Kim, Shin Yong Moon, Woo Ho Kim, Yong Il Kim; J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1984;16(2):233-245.

Abstract PDF: One human colon adenocarcinoma cell line, SC-1 (Seoul National University, Adenocarcinoma of the Colon), has been established from a metastatic tumor mesocolon of distal descending colon of a 71 years old Korean male patient. On March 12, 1984, 2 pieces of metastatic tumor (5mm in diaeter) were removed from the mesocolon of the distal descending colon after anterior resection for the distal descendign colon cancer. The cell ype of the tumor was moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma. After mincing with scissors and washing with RPMI 1640 medium, floating cells have been cultured with RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 15% fetal bovine serum. Spherical cells in various size grew out from a clump on the 6th day of culture and they divided rapidly. From the 21th day the round cells started to float and divide rapidly in floating state and formed clusters. Now on the 214th day, October 22, 1984, 41th subculture with floating cells has been done. SC-1 cells grow in vitro floating free state and tend to from clusters which easily disaggregated into single cell suspension with agitation with a pipette. The cell size fanges from 10um to 70um in diameter with a mean of 27.35 +- 13.0 um. Population doubling time was about 2~2.5 days at passage 33~34. SC-1 cells contain mucinous substance in cytoplasm which is demonstrable upon PAS and mucicarmine staining. The cytoplasmic surfaces show varying degree of cytoplasmic process development with uneven length of microvilli and scattered desmosome. Chromosomal analyses were performed at passage 13~29. The number was 77. SC-1 cells produced large amount of carcinoembryonic antigen; 5.8x10(5)/ml of SC-1 cells secreted 699 ng/ml of CEA in 3 days into media at passage 33. The viability of SC-1 cells was 85% at passage 39. The days after heterotransplantation of 23.4x10(6) SC-1 cells of passage 28~30 in nude mouse produced 15x7.4x4mm sized tumor and 10 days after heterotransplantation of 26.6x10(6) SC-1 cells of passage 36~39 in nude mouse produced 9.5x9.4x2.0mm sized tumor.

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Experimental Studies on the Tumor Chemotherapy of FAM Encapsulated with Liposomes: Yong Wun Ryu, Taik Koo Yun, Ju Hyun Yu; J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1984;16(2):245-250.

Abstract PDF: One human colon adenocarcinoma cell line, SC-1 (Seoul National University, Adenocarcinoma of the Colon), has been established from a metastatic tumor mesocolon of distal descending colon of a 71 years old Korean male patient. On March 12, 1984, 2 pieces of metastatic tumor (5mm in diaeter) were removed from the mesocolon of the distal descending colon after anterior resection for the distal descendign colon cancer. The cell ype of the tumor was moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma. After mincing with scissors and washing with RPMI 1640 medium, floating cells have been cultured with RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 15% fetal bovine serum. Spherical cells in various size grew out from a clump on the 6th day of culture and they divided rapidly. From the 21th day the round cells started to float and divide rapidly in floating state and formed clusters. Now on the 214th day, October 22, 1984, 41th subculture with floating cells has been done. SC-1 cells grow in vitro floating free state and tend to from clusters which easily disaggregated into single cell suspension with agitation with a pipette. The cell size fanges from 10um to 70um in diameter with a mean of 27.35 +- 13.0 um. Population doubling time was about 2~2.5 days at passage 33~34. SC-1 cells contain mucinous substance in cytoplasm which is demonstrable upon PAS and mucicarmine staining. The cytoplasmic surfaces show varying degree of cytoplasmic process development with uneven length of microvilli and scattered desmosome. Chromosomal analyses were performed at passage 13~29. The number was 77. SC-1 cells produced large amount of carcinoembryonic antigen; 5.8x10(5)/ml of SC-1 cells secreted 699 ng/ml of CEA in 3 days into media at passage 33. The viability of SC-1 cells was 85% at passage 39. The days after heterotransplantation of 23.4x10(6) SC-1 cells of passage 28~30 in nude mouse produced 15x7.4x4mm sized tumor and 10 days after heterotransplantation of 26.6x10(6) SC-1 cells of passage 36~39 in nude mouse produced 9.5x9.4x2.0mm sized tumor.

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The Response of the Local Immunogbulin System to Malignant Lesion of the Stomach: Jae Hag Koh, Hyun Jong Kim, Wone Choi; J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1984;16(2):250-255.

Abstract PDF: Secretory IgA 1. s been shown to be a local immune system which has antibacterial activi- ties as well as antiviral neutralizing capabilities. During the one-year period, from August 1983 to July 1984, the response of the local secretory immunoglobulin system to tumor antigens was studied in 65 patients suspected of gastric malignancy at Chonnam National Univercity Hospital. Gastric aspirates were obtained by fiberoptic endoscope, secretory IgA titers measured on radial immunodiffusion and pH of the gastric aspirates measured by pH meter. Patients with malignant neopasm of the stomach were divided into Type I and Yype II lesions, based on the extent and stage of the disease. Secretory IgA titers were evevated in all patients with Type I malignant tumor confirmed by histologic examination; mean 35.9mg/dl (SD +- 25mg/dl). Patients with type II malignant tumors had significantly lower IgA titers; mean 6.5mg/dl (SD +- 4.3mg/dl) and 7.9 mg/dl (SD +- 6.1 mg/dl). The difference between Type I malignancies and the other three groups was significant (p<0.01). Serum IgA, IgG and IgM titers were found to be normal range in all patients. There was no correlation between the pH of the gastric secretions and the IgA levels obtained in our study. Evaluation of the local immunoglobulin titers may be of value when used in conjunction with other diagnostic modalities in determining the nature of gastrointestinal lesions.

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Clinical Evaluation of Immunoparameter Syudy between the Hepatobilary and Gastrointestinal Cancer: Joon Sik Suh, Kee Hyung Lee, Jung Youl Chun; J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1984;16(2):255-263.

Abstract PDF: The status of cell mediated immunity was studied with 130 patients of the hepatobiliary and gastrointestinal cancer prior to surgery. Each mean percentage of peripheral lymphocyte, T-subsets and B-lymphocyte was measured. Thus the results have been compared with hepatobiliary cancer, by means of TNM stage of stomach cancer and Duke's classification of colorectal cancer; Comparative study in each case has been evaluated on histopathological pattern. 1) The mean percentage of peripheral lymphocyte was inversely correlated with the progress of cancer. The peripheral lymphocyte count in stage IV was increased as compared to stage III in the stomach cancer. 2) The mean percentage of TG-cell was relatively decreased in all of cancer cases but statistically insignificant. 3) The mean percentage of T-lymphocyte was decreased but not correlated with the pragress of cancer. 4) The mean percentage of TM-cell waa significantly decreaaed in all of cancer cases and correlated with the progreas of cancer, 5) The mean percentage af B-cell wa decreased in the biliary cancer, increased in the pancreatic cancer, and others were not affected as compared to the control group.

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Postoperative Longitudinal Follow-up of Natural Killer Activity in Patients with Cervical Cancer: Sung Kee Jo, Hae Sun Moon, Yeon Sook Yun, Ki Bok Park, Taik Koo Yun; J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1984;16(2):263-272.

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The Efficacy of High - FAM in Advanced Gastric Cancer: Han Lim Moon, Hoon Kyo Kim, Choon Choo Kim, Jae Young Yoo, Kyung Shik Lee, Doo Ho Park, Boo Sung Kim, Dong Jip Kim; J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1984;16(2):272-278.

Abstract PDF: The status of cell mediated immunity was studied with 130 patients of the hepatobiliary and gastrointestinal cancer prior to surgery. Each mean percentage of peripheral lymphocyte, T-subsets and B-lymphocyte was measured. Thus the results have been compared with hepatobiliary cancer, by means of TNM stage of stomach cancer and Duke's classification of colorectal cancer; Comparative study in each case has been evaluated on histopathological pattern. 1) The mean percentage of peripheral lymphocyte was inversely correlated with the progress of cancer. The peripheral lymphocyte count in stage IV was increased as compared to stage III in the stomach cancer. 2) The mean percentage of TG-cell was relatively decreased in all of cancer cases but statistically insignificant. 3) The mean percentage of T-lymphocyte was decreased but not correlated with the pragress of cancer. 4) The mean percentage of TM-cell waa significantly decreaaed in all of cancer cases and correlated with the progreas of cancer, 5) The mean percentage af B-cell wa decreased in the biliary cancer, increased in the pancreatic cancer, and others were not affected as compared to the control group.

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Effect of Adjuvant Chemotherapy Following Surgery for Stomach Cancer: Byong Ho Chin, Sung Wha Hong, Won Joong Kim; J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1984;16(2):278-283.

Abstract PDF: Records were reviewed for 173 patients who underwent surgical treatment for adenocarcinoma of the stomach at Kyung Hee University Hospital between January, 19BO and June, 1982. The patients were divided into two groups, a control group of 50 patients and a adjuvant chemotherapy group of 123 patients. And the adjuvant chemotherapy group was divided into 2 groupe, MFC group of 24 patients and FAM group of 99 patients. No significant differences in 2-Year survival rate were obeerved between the control group and both of the chemotherapy groups. But, we do not entirely satisfied the result of thia study that adjuvant chemotherapy confers no therapeutic advantage in the treatmeat of stomach cancer operation, since many studies revealed the difference between control group and chemotberapy group becoming more noticeable as time progress. We would continue following up the patients of this study for the purpose of reporting the long survival rate of adjuvant chemotherapy groups.

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Clinical Studies on Advanced Adenocarcinoma of the Stomach - Influences of the Site of origin and histologic grade on stage grouping -: Byung Chae Park, Choong Keun Bae, Ja Young Koo, Seung Do Lee, Jae Kwan Suh, Young Hoon Park; J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1984;16(2):283-289.

Abstract PDF: In an attempt to verify the influences of the site of origin and histological grade of ade- nocarcinoma of the stomach on stage grouping, 332 cases who were taken by either cura- tive or palliative surgery were analyzed. Their mean age was 50 +- 2 yrs and the male: female ratio was 2.4 : 1. There was no differences of age diatribution in the light of stage groupings. The commonest site of tumor origin was antrum included angulus (49.1%), and followed by the region of angulus-body (44. 6%) and oardia-fundus (6.3%), the least frequent site. The favorable site of more differentiated tumora waa antrum where is also the least favorable site of stage IV group. On the other hand, lesaer differentiated tumors were predomi- nant in cardia and upper body where is the favorable site of stage IV grc.up. Ninty three percent of stage I group were differentiated cell type, whereas only 35% of stage IV group group were differentiated cell type. Since the lesser differentiated cell type were more frequently observed in stage IV (65.0%) as well as in patients with liver metastasis, the present results may be an indication that stage grouping of advanced adenocarcinoma of the stomach might be influenced by the presence of lesaer differentiated cells in tumor tissues. Hence, we suggest more aggressive Qiagnostic procedures and treatment for theso lesser differentiated tumors of the stomach, even in small size.

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Palliative Whole Lung Irradiation for Multiple Metastatic Lung Cancers: Tae Soo Chung; J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1984;16(2):289-294.

Abstract PDF: From September, 198S to August, 1984 seven patients with multiple metastatic lung cancer were treated with whole lung irradiation for the purpose of palliation at the Department of Radiation Oncology, Kosin College. All of 6 patients who were evaluable at the time of this report showed objective regreseion of metastatic lesions on poat-radiation chest x-rays and 4 of 6 patients with subjective symptoms due to pulmonary metastases had symptomatic relief by the treatment. Preaent report and review of literature support the fact that some selected patients with metastatic lung cancer can be benifited by whole lung irradiation with the radiation dose within lung tolerance.

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Clinical Investigation of Surgery for Residual or Recurrent cacner of the Larynx after Radiation: Kwang Hyun Kim; J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1984;16(2):294-298.

Abstract PDF: Thirty laryngeal cancer patients who were treated by surgery after radiation failure were evaluated. Pharyngocutaneous fistula developed after surgery in 40%. Three quarters of the fistufa were healed spontaneously, but in 3 cases(25%) D-P flap or pectoralis major myocutaneous flap were needed for reconstructian of pharynx and esophagus. Overall salvage rate by surgery for radiation failure is 60%, In stage lV cases, the survival rate was as low as 14%.

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The Relationship between the Extent of Distal Clearance and Survival and local Recurrence Rates after Curative Anterior Resection for Carcinoma of the Rectum: Dong Kyu Noh, Hyun Jong Kim, Wone Choi; J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1984;16(2):298-303.

Abstract PDF: Surgery is the most effective 'method of treatment for rectal cancer. Restorative anterior resection and abdominoperineal excision are generally accepted operation for tumors of the upper and lower thirds of the rectum. But, the length of normal rectum below the cancer, especially for middle rectum, which should be removed by radical anterior resection remains a matter of controversy. This study was undertaken to ascertain whether there is any correlation between the length of normal rectum removed below the tumor and survival and local recurrence rates, We investigated the method of curative anterior resection for the rectal canncer and their follow up study with 24 cases of histologically-proved carcinoma in Chonnam National University for the lat B years. The followings re the conclusions of this clinical survey. I) The 5-year survival rates of each groups were remarkably similar, 2) Survival rates were affected to Dukes classification and histologic grade. 8) Local recurrence rates of each groups were similar. These results suggest that a margin less than 2 cm below the rectal cancer does not affect survival or local recurrence rates.

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Gastric Pseudolymphoma: Jin Pok Kim, Dong Wook Choi; J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1984;16(2):303-312.

Abstract PDF: Pseudolymphama of the stomach is an unusual benign condition that is frequently confused with true gastric lymphoma. The clinical manifestations and endoscopic, radiologic, and biopsy findings are not generally helpful in making this diagnosis preoperatively. Furthermare, the distinction between lymphoma and pseudolymphoma may be difficult to make on the basis of frozen section and, occasionally on permanent histologic sections. Distinguishing histologic features of paeudolymphoma are (1) formation of true germinal center (2) presenc of a polymorphous inflammatory infiltrate, and (3) absence of lymph nodal involvem#ent by lymphoma. Rec.ntly histoimmunological methods was developed to differentiate pseudolymphoma from true malignant lymphoma. Distinction of these benign lesions from malignant lymphomas is important so that unnecessary radical surgery and postoperative radiation therapy or chemotherpy are avoided. We report three cases of gastric pseudolymphoma, fulfilling the pathologic criteria and review the litcrature to illustrate the feature of gastric pseudolymphoma.

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Massive Choriocarcinoma of the Liver: Hee Jung Wnag, Hyuck Sang Lee, Nak Whan Paik; J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1984;16(2):312-317.

Abstract PDF: A massive choriocarcinoma of the liver with occult uterine lesion is reviewed. A brief summary is given of the current status of diagnosis and treatment of metastatic gestational trophoblastic neoplasms (GTN). It ia discussed that surgical intervention for complication of GTN was quite useful to stabilise patients. It is emphasized that all female patients who have liver or/and gastrointestinal tumor may require determination of HCG level preoperatively.

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Primary Endodermal Sinus Tumor of the Retroperitoneum: Seung Bong Yang, Kyung Hyun Choi, Young Hoon Park; J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1984;16(2):317-324.

Abstract PDF: A 6-years old boy who had the Endodermal Sinus Tumor of the Retroperitoneum with a large pulmonary metastatic lesion was treated by eurgical excision, poatoperative systemic chemotherapy with VAC(Vincristine, Actinomycin D, Cyclophosphamide) and local radioth- erapy at the Department of Surgery of Gospel Hospital. The patient responded very well to the combined modality of treatment with marked regression of metastatic pulmonary lesion, decreasing level of alpha-Fetoprotein and improved clinical signs. The retroperitoneal E.S.T. usually carries a grave prognosis as in other extragonadal sites. But, our experience of this case and review of literature support that E.S.T., even advanced cases, can be treated by combined modality of treatment, i.e., surgical excision, pre-and post-operative chemoteerapy and radiation therapy.

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Study on the malignant Neplasm of Covered People in the Medical Insurance Scheme: Young Chang Kim; J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1984;16(2):324-337.

Abstract PDF: At present, it is fact that study on the Malignant Neoplasm in Korea is confined to clinical reports, survey on the certain hospitals and analysis on the data collecte#d from Cancer Center of National Medical Center. But in these studies, analysis was not made on the medical expenditure and nation-wide data wasn't also presented fully. This study was intended to survey pattern and prevalence of Malignant Neoplasm in Korea. For this, claims having reviewed by the Federation of Korean Medical Insurance Societies during 1983 were analyzed. The major findings were made as follows. 1) The total number claims included in this study was 25.6 million cases, in-patient 6million, out-patient 25 million cases. Among them 79,830(0.3%) cases were Malignant Neoplasm, in-patient 17,833, out-patient 61,997. 2) The total medical expenditure of claims included in this study was 386, 036 million won. Medical expenditure of Malignant Neoplasm was 11,923 million won(3.19%), in-patient 9,466 million won, out-patient 2,457 million won. 3) The frequeney orders of Malignant Neoplasm was, in the case of out-patient, stomach, cervix uteri, trachea-bronchus and lung, female breast, rectum and anus. In the case of in-panti ent, stomach, liver and intraheptic bile ducts, trachea-bronchus and lung, cervix uteri, leukaemia. 4) The frequency orders of Malignant Neoplasm, in the case of male, is stomach, liver and intrahepatic bile ducts, trachea-bronchus and lung, leukaemia, rectum and anus. In the case of female, cervix uteri, stomach, breast, liver and intrahepatic bile ducts, trachea-bronchus and lung. 5) Medical expeuditure per out-patient Malignant Neoplasm ca".e was higher than that of other out-patient caze by 3. 8 times, in case of expenditure per day, by 3 times. 6) The highest expensive medical expenditure per case was in the case of out-patient, nasopharynx, and in the case of in-patient, brain. 7) The orders af age group distribution, in case of in-partient, was 50-59 years 30.7ii, 60-69 years 27.0%, 40-49 Years 18. 6%(male), 50-59 years 25. Bl, 40-49 years 25.3% 60-69 years 15.3%(female). 8) Medical care utilization rate of Malignant Neoplosm for in-patient was 198/100,000 (male), 159/100, 000(female) and 178/100, 000(total). 9) Annual rate of incidences of Malignant Neoplasm has heen increased gradually: 2.39% (1981), 2.40%(1982), L94%(1988). There is statistical aignificant different by year and diseases, 10) The utilization rate of medical care institution was general hospital 91.1% hospital 7 0 % clinic 1. 9%. Analysis of Malignant Neoplasm and registration of cancer patients will be developed with making use of claims reviewed. Resident registration number and start day of treatment on the eleims makes it possible.

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