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Anterior Gradient 3 Promotes Breast Cancer Development and Chemotherapy Response
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Qiao Xu, Ying Shao, Jinman Zhang, Huikun Zhang, Yawen Zhao, Xiaoli Liu, Zhifang Guo, Wei Chong, Feng Gu, Yongjie Ma
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Cancer Res Treat. 2020;52(1):218-245. Published online July 8, 2019
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2019.217
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 Abstract
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- Purpose
Anterior gradient 3 (AGR3) belongs to human anterior gradient (AGR) family. The function of AGR3 on cancer remains unknown. This research aimed to investigate if AGR3 had prognostic values in invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) of breast cancer and could promote tumor progression.
Materials and Methods
AGR3 expression was detected in breast benign lesions, ductal carcinoma in situ and IDC by immunohistochemistry analysis. AGR3’s correlations with clinicopathological features and prognosis of IDC patients were analyzed. By cell function experiments, collagen gel droplet-embedded culture drug sensitivity test and cytotoxic analysis, AGR3’s impacts on proliferation, invasion ability, and chemotherapeutic drug sensitivity of breast cancer cells were also detected.
Results
AGR3 was up-regulated in luminal subtype of histological grade I-II of IDC patients and positively correlated with high risks of recurrence and distant metastasis. AGR3 high expression could lead to bone or liver metastasis and predict poor prognosis of luminal B. In cell lines, AGR3 could promote proliferation and invasion ability of breast cancer cells which were consistent with clinical analysis. Besides, AGR3 could indicate poor prognosis of breast cancer patients treated with taxane but a favorable prognosis with 5-fluoropyrimidines. And breast cancer cells with AGR3 high expression were resistant to taxane but sensitive to 5-fluoropyrimidines.
Conclusion
AGR3 might be a potential prognostic indicator in luminal B subtype of IDC patients of histological grade I-II. And patients with AGR3 high expression should be treated with chemotherapy regimens consisting of 5-fluoropyrimidines but no taxane.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by  - Modulation of Protein Disulfide Isomerase Functions by Localization: The Example of the Anterior Gradient Family
Arvin S. Pierre, Noa Gavriel, Marianne Guilbard, Eric Ogier-Denis, Eric Chevet, Frederic Delom, Aeid Igbaria
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Computers in Biology and Medicine.2024; 177: 108614. CrossRef - Mechanisms of drug resistance in breast cancer liver metastases: Dilemmas and opportunities
Chun-Yan Yan, Meng-Lu Zhao, Ya-Nan Wei, Xi-He Zhao
Molecular Therapy - Oncolytics.2023; 28: 212. CrossRef - Prognostic Impact of AGR3 Protein Expression in Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Carolina Leão de Moraes, Carolina Rodrigues Mendonça, Natália Cruz e Melo, Fernanda Sardinha de Abreu Tacon, Jair Pereira de Melo Junior, Waldemar Naves do Amaral
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia / RBGO Gynecology and Obstetrics.2023; 45(10): e609. CrossRef - High‐throughput proteomics of breast cancer interstitial fluid: identification of tumor subtype‐specific serologically relevant biomarkers
Thilde Terkelsen, Maria Pernemalm, Pavel Gromov, Anna‐Lise Børresen‐Dale, Anders Krogh, Vilde D. Haakensen, Janne Lethiö, Elena Papaleo, Irina Gromova
Molecular Oncology.2021; 15(2): 429. CrossRef
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